Ontology Requirements Specification
LOT ORSD headerCOPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
Purpose
BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants.
Implementation language
OWL 2 DL
Scope
An OWL 2 DL ontology of equipment classes used in petroleum production plants, grounded in BFO 2020 and conformant with IOF-Core. Developed as part of the OntoKG research project at UFRGS/INF to provide a formal, reusable reference data layer for oil & gas plant models.
Non-Functional Requirements
4 requirementsNFR-1
language
The ontology must be expressed in OWL 2 DL.
NFR-4
language
The ontology must provide labels and definitions in both English and Brazilian Portuguese.
NFR-2
license
The ontology must be released under the MIT license.
NFR-3
methodology
The ontology must be developed following the LOT methodology.
Motivating Scenarios
0 scenariosNo scenarios yet. Use "Add Scenario" to describe a stakeholder situation.
Competency Questions
176 questions
106 open
70 answered
What is a pump?
What is a compressor?
What are all the subclasses of Valve recognised in COPI?
answered
CQ-6
·
valve
manual valve
control valve
check valve
safety valve
safety relief valve
relief valve
ball valve
gate valve
globe valve
butterfly valve
diaphragm valve
needle valve
plug valve
angle valve
choke valve
blow down valve
emergency shut down valve
solenoid valve
self-operating valve
on-off control valve
ball control valve
gate control valve
globe control valve
butterfly control valve
choke control valve
down hole safety valve
taxonomy
Which equipment classes in COPI have iof:Assembly as their BFO genus root?
answered
CQ-7
·
valve
manual valve
control valve
check valve
pump
compressor
heat exchanger
pressure vessel
storage tank
absorber
vessel
taxonomy
Which equipment classes in COPI have iof:MaterialArtifact as their BFO genus root?
answered
CQ-8
·
orifice plate
restriction orifice
thermowell
level sight glass
flow element
temperature element
pressure element
level element
taxonomy
Which equipment classes in COPI are defined with equivalent (sufficient + necessary) conditions?
answered
CQ-9
·
control valve
emergency shut down valve
blow down valve
safety valve
check valve
pump
compressor
absorber
transmitter
on-off control valve
taxonomy — axiom mode
Which equipment classes in COPI use necessary-only (primitive) conditions?
answered
CQ-10
·
ball valve
gate valve
globe valve
butterfly valve
needle valve
plug valve
angle valve
diaphragm valve
choke valve
ball control valve
gate control valve
globe control valve
butterfly control valve
choke control valve
centrifugal pump
centrifugal compressor
plate heat exchanger
gearbox
taxonomy — axiom mode
Can the same individual be simultaneously classified as a Pump and as a Compressor?
∃x (Pump(x) ∧ Compressor(x)) → ⊥
disjointness
Which equipment classes in COPI bear a FluidFlowControlFunction as identity-giving function?
answered
CQ-12
·
control valve
ball control valve
gate control valve
globe control valve
butterfly control valve
choke control valve
on-off control valve
functional classification
Which equipment classes bear a SafetyFunction as identity-giving function?
answered
CQ-13
·
safety valve
safety relief valve
relief valve
emergency shut down valve
blow down valve
down hole safety valve
functional classification
Which equipment classes in COPI participate in a SeparationProcess?
process participation
What planned processes involve Transmitters as measurement participants?
answered
CQ-15
·
transmitter
pressure transmitter
temperature transmitter
flow transmitter
level transmitter
differential pressure transmitter
vibration transmitter
process participation
What is the identity-giving function of a control valve?
∃f (FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(controlValve, f))
What distinguishes an on-off control valve from a proportional control valve?
functional differentia: BinaryFlowControlFunction vs ContinuousFlowControlFunction
What distinguishes a safety valve from a safety relief valve?
safety valve: gas/vapour only; safety relief valve: liquid or two-phase
What distinguishes a safety valve from a relief valve?
relief valve: opens proportionally; safety valve: snap-action full opening
Can a check valve simultaneously be a control valve?
∃x (CheckValve(x) ∧ ControlValve(x)) → ⊥
disjointness test
What is the genus of a solenoid valve?
What distinguishes a choke valve from a generic control valve?
constructive differentia: choke mechanism (bean/disc with fixed orifice)
What is the identity-giving function of a blow down valve?
What distinguishes a self-operating valve from an actuated control valve?
self-operating: uses process variable (pressure/temperature) directly as actuation energy
What distinguishes a gate valve from a globe valve constructively?
gate: sliding gate disc, full-bore; globe: disc moves perpendicular to seat
What are the necessary parts of an emergency shut-down valve?
valve body, actuator, position sensor
What distinguishes a ball valve from a butterfly valve?
constructive: ball uses spherical closure element; butterfly uses disc rotating on shaft
Is a diaphragm valve a type of manual valve or a type of control valve?
can be either — depends on actuation; ontology models it as valve subtype
What is the identity-giving function of a check valve?
∃f (UnidirectionalFlowPermissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(checkValve, f))
What distinguishes a block-and-bleed valve from a double-block-and-bleed valve?
number of isolation seals: one vs two independent block valves
What is the identity-giving function of a centrifugal pump?
∃f (FluidTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(centrifugalPump, f))
realized in a CentrifugalFluidPumpingProcess
What are the necessary parts of a centrifugal pump?
impeller, casing, shaft, mechanical seal, bearings
What distinguishes a centrifugal pump from a positive displacement pump?
constructive differentia: centrifugal uses rotating impeller; PD uses reciprocating or rotary element
What is the identity-giving function of a centrifugal compressor?
∃f (GasCompressionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(centrifugalCompressor, f))
What are the necessary parts of a compressor?
inlet, outlet, compression element, driver coupling, lubrication system
What distinguishes a centrifugal compressor from a reciprocating compressor?
constructive: centrifugal uses impeller(s); reciprocating uses pistons
What planned process does a pump necessarily participate in as the primary agent?
∃x∃p (Pump(x) ∧ FluidPumpingProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))
What is the identity-giving function of a heat exchanger?
∃f (HeatTransferFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(heatExchanger, f))
What distinguishes a plate heat exchanger from a shell-and-tube heat exchanger?
constructive differentia: plate uses corrugated plates; shell-and-tube uses tubes inside shell
What is the genus of a plate heat exchanger?
Is a heater a subtype of heat exchanger in COPI?
heater adds energy to one fluid only; heat exchanger transfers between two streams
What process does a heat exchanger participate in?
∃x∃p (HeatExchanger(x) ∧ HeatTransferProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))
What is the difference between a pressure vessel and a storage tank in COPI?
pressure vessel operates above atmospheric; storage tank is atmospheric
Is an absorber a subtype of pressure vessel in COPI?
∀x (Absorber(x) → PressureVessel(x))
What distinguishes an absorber from a separator?
absorber: mass transfer between phases; separator: physical phase separation only
What is the identity-giving function of an absorber?
∃f (AbsorptionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(absorber, f))
Is a storage tank necessarily a pressure vessel?
∀x (StorageTank(x) → PressureVessel(x)) ?
expected answer: no — storage tanks typically operate at atmospheric pressure
What distinguishes a Transmitter from a local Indicator?
answered
CQ-48
·
transmitter
indicator
pressure transmitter
pressure gauge
temperature transmitter
temperature indicator
transmitter sends signal to remote system; indicator only displays locally
What is the measurand of a differential pressure transmitter?
What is the measurand of a vibration transmitter?
displacement, velocity, or acceleration of vibration
What distinguishes a temperature element from a temperature transmitter?
element is the sensing component; transmitter includes signal conditioning and output
What distinguishes a pressure gauge from a pressure transmitter?
gauge: local mechanical display; transmitter: converts to electrical signal
What distinguishes a level sight glass from a level transmitter?
sight glass: visual direct observation; transmitter: converts to electrical signal
What is the designed function of a thermowell?
∃f (TemperatureElementProtectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(thermowell, f))
protects temperature sensing element from process fluid while allowing thermal contact
What is the designed function of a limit switch?
∃f (PositionDetectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(limitSwitch, f))
detects open/closed position of a valve or mechanical device
What is the designed function of a humidity analyser?
measures water content / dew point in a gas stream
What is the designed function of a phase sequence meter?
measures shaft rotational speed / phase reference for vibration analysis (keyphasor)
What is the identity-giving function of a flow indicator?
What is the difference between an orifice plate and a restriction orifice?
orifice plate: used with differential pressure transmitter to measure flow; restriction orifice: reduces flow to a fixed value
What is the genus of an orifice plate in COPI?
What is the identity-giving function of an orifice plate?
∃f (FlowMeasurementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(orificePlate, f))
creates calibrated pressure differential for flow calculation
What is the identity-giving function of a restriction orifice?
∃f (FlowRestrictionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(restrictionOrifice, f))
limits flow to a pre-determined maximum regardless of upstream pressure variation
What is the genus of a coalescer in COPI?
coalescer is a pressure vessel whose function is coalescence of liquid droplets from gas
What is the identity-giving function of a coalescer?
∃f (CoalescenceFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(coalescer, f))
What is the identity-giving function of an electric motor?
∃f (ElectromechanicalConversionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(electricMotor, f))
converts electrical energy to mechanical rotational energy
What is the genus of a gearbox in COPI?
assembly whose function is to transmit and transform mechanical power between shafts
What is the identity-giving function of a gearbox?
∃f (MechanicalPowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(gearbox, f))
Is an electric motor an Assembly or a MaterialArtifact in BFO terms?
expected: Assembly — composed of stator, rotor, bearings, housing, terminal box
What is a turbine?
What is a portion of fluid?
open
CQ-5
What is a angle valve body?
Is a angle valve body a necessary component of every angle valve?
What is a centrifugal compressor casing?
Is a centrifugal compressor casing a necessary component of every centrifugal compressor?
What is a check valve body?
Is a check valve body a necessary component of every check valve?
What is a check valve closure member?
Which COPI equipment classes require a check valve closure member as a necessary component? (candidates: check valve and wafer check valve)
What is a compressor casing?
Is a compressor casing a necessary component of every compressor?
What is a diaphragm actuator?
Is a diaphragm actuator a necessary component of every diaphragm valve?
What is a differential pressure measuring element?
Is a differential pressure measuring element a necessary component of every differential pressure gauge?
What is a drive shaft?
Is a drive shaft a necessary component of every pump?
What is a electrical connection?
Is a electrical connection a necessary component of every solenoid valve?
What is a electrical connector?
Is a electrical connector a necessary component of every phase sequence meter?
What is a filter element?
Is a filter element a necessary component of every in-line filter?
What is a flow measuring element?
Is a flow measuring element a necessary component of every flow indicator?
What is a gear casing?
Is a gear casing a necessary component of every gearbox?
What is a gear wheel?
Is a gear wheel a necessary component of every gearbox?
What is a globe valve body?
Is a globe valve body a necessary component of every globe control valve?
What is a heat transfer plate?
Is a heat transfer plate a necessary component of every plate heat exchanger?
What is a housing?
Which COPI equipment classes require a housing as a necessary component? (candidates: blower, humidity analyser and pressure gauge)
What is a input shaft?
Is a input shaft a necessary component of every gearbox?
What is a manual actuator?
Is a manual actuator a necessary component of every manual valve?
What is a output shaft?
Is a output shaft a necessary component of every gearbox?
What is a port?
Is a port a necessary component of every diaphragm valve?
What is a power transformer primary winding?
Is a power transformer primary winding a necessary component of every power transformer?
What is a power transformer secondary winding?
Is a power transformer secondary winding a necessary component of every power transformer?
What is a pump casing?
Is a pump casing a necessary component of every pump?
What is a pump shaft?
Is a pump shaft a necessary component of every centrifugal pump?
What is a rotary actuator?
Is a rotary actuator a necessary component of every ball control valve?
What is a rotor?
Is a rotor a necessary component of every electric motor?
What is a solenoid actuator?
Is a solenoid actuator a necessary component of every solenoid valve?
What is a stator?
Is a stator a necessary component of every electric motor?
What is a switch contact?
Is a switch contact a necessary component of every limit switch?
What is a thermowell stem?
Is a thermowell stem a necessary component of every thermowell?
What is a thin plate?
Is a thin plate a necessary component of every orifice plate?
What is a transmitter housing?
Is a transmitter housing a necessary component of every vibration transmitter?
What is a valve body?
Which COPI equipment classes require a valve body as a necessary component? (candidates: blow down valve, butterfly control valve, double block and bleed valve, safety relief valve, self-operating valve and valve)
What is a valve seat?
Which COPI equipment classes require a valve seat as a necessary component? (candidates: ball control valve, ball valve, check valve, gate valve, plug valve and swing check valve)
What is a valve stem?
Which COPI equipment classes require a valve stem as a necessary component? (candidates: ball valve, gate control valve, globe control valve and globe valve)
What is a vessel head?
Is a vessel head a necessary component of every vessel?
What is a vessel shell?
Is a vessel shell a necessary component of every vessel?
What is a closure member?
Is closure member the correct genus for wafer check valve in the COPI ontology?
What is a electric measuring instrument?
Is electric measuring instrument the correct genus for phase sequence meter in the COPI ontology?
What is a electrical switching device?
Is electrical switching device the correct genus for circuit breaker in the COPI ontology?
What is a flow modification accessory?
Is flow modification accessory the correct genus for restriction orifice in the COPI ontology?
What is a materialartifact?
Which classes have materialartifact as their genus? (candidates: instrument, strainer)
What is a primary winding?
Is primary winding the correct genus for power transformer in the COPI ontology?
What is a process analyzer?
Is process analyzer the correct genus for humidity analyser in the COPI ontology?
What is a rotating shaft?
Is rotating shaft the correct genus for centrifugal pump in the COPI ontology?
What is a secondary winding?
Is secondary winding the correct genus for power transformer in the COPI ontology?
What is a sight glass?
Is sight glass the correct genus for level sight glass in the COPI ontology?
What is a valve closure member?
Is valve closure member the correct genus for check valve in the COPI ontology?
