exported
necessary
gear wheel
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Gearwheel
Generated on 2026-05-04
Natural Language Definition
EN
An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power.
PT-BR
Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
GearWheel SubClassOf Assembly and (bearerOf some PowerTransmissionFunction) and (hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some Tooth) and (hasComponentPartAtAllTimes some WheelBody)
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(GearWheel(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃t(Tooth(t) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,t)) ∧ ∃w(WheelBody(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: GearWheel
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-07"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000192 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement."@en ;
skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in transmitting mechanical power from one shaft to another through direct mechanical coupling or engagement."@en .
### Process type
:COPI_0000604 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification."@en ;
skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical power is transferred from one rotating or reciprocating component to another through direct mechanical engagement, resulting in motion transmission and potentially torque or speed modification."@en .
### Equipment universal: GearWheel
:COPI_0000290 rdf:type owl:Class ; # GearWheel
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000121 ; # Gearbox
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000192 # PowerTransmissionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "gear wheel"@en ;
rdfs:label "roda dentada"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power."@en ;
skos:definition "An Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and that has circumferential teeth for positive mechanical engagement with mating gears or racks to transmit rotational motion and power."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um Assembly que porta uma PowerTransmissionFunction e que possui dentes circunferenciais para engajamento mecânico positivo com engrenagens ou cremalheiras correspondentes para transmitir movimento rotacional e potência."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive differentia based on physical structure (toothed geometry). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of complex hybrid mechanisms or specialized toothed components that should not be categorized as standard gear wheels for maintenance purposes."@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000059 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <GEAR WHEEL> is an <ARTEFACT> and a <TRANSMITTER(force)> and that is a toothed wheel usend in conjunction with another, or with a rack, to transmit motion"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
While the ISO 15926 definition emphasizes motion transmission, gear wheels are fundamentally designed to transmit mechanical power between shafts through toothed engagement. However, this is the generic function shared by all power transmission components - the differentia for gear wheel comes from its specific toothed construction.
2
Genus Determination
Gearbox
The source lists 'gearbox' as an already-enriched class with PowerTransmissionFunction. A gear wheel is a component part of gearboxes and gear systems, but examining the BFO structure more carefully, a single gear wheel is a causally unified artifact (one Object) rather than an aggregate system. The more appropriate genus is actually Assembly - a gear wheel has removable parts (teeth, hub, bore) but forms one causally unified transmission component.
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| None | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
| None | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
A gear wheel necessarily consists of circumferential teeth for engagement and a central body structure, but the Known Component Terms list contains no component terms for this equipment type, so specific part names cannot be provided.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
—
Transformation (T)
mechanical power transmitted through positive toothed engagement, potentially with speed and torque modification based on gear ratio
Gear wheels fundamentally transform mechanical power input to mechanical power output through toothed engagement, which is the canonical mechanical power transmission transformation. The speed/torque modification is a secondary characteristic that depends on the gear ratio.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Constructive differentia based on physical structure (toothed geometry). Under OWA, asserting equivalence could force classification of complex hybrid mechanisms or specialized toothed components that should not be categorized as standard gear wheels for maintenance purposes.
Cross-Standard Observations
Only one source (ISO 15926-4) provides a definition. The definition emphasizes both force transmission and motion transmission aspects, consistent with the dual nature of gear wheel function.
