exported
necessary
drive shaft
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Driveshaft
Generated on 2026-05-04
Natural Language Definition
EN
A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines.
PT-BR
Um eixo de transmissão é um Assembly que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e consiste em um sistema baseado em eixo usado para transferir energia mecânica rotacional de um motor primário para múltiplas máquinas acionadas.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
DriveShaft ≡ Assembly ⊓ ∃bearerOf.PowerTransmissionFunction ⊓ ∃participatesIn.RotationalPowerTransferProcess
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x (DriveShaft(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(RotationalPowerTransferProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: DriveShaft
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000192 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover to one or more driven machines, maintaining rotational motion while potentially modifying torque and speed characteristics."@en ;
skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover to one or more driven machines, maintaining rotational motion while potentially modifying torque and speed characteristics."@en .
### Process type
:COPI_0000604 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transferred from a prime mover through a rotating shaft to one or more driven machines, typically involving the conversion of torque and rotational speed to match operational requirements."@en ;
skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transferred from a prime mover through a rotating shaft to one or more driven machines, typically involving the conversion of torque and rotational speed to match operational requirements."@en .
### Equipment universal: DriveShaft
:COPI_0000257 rdf:type owl:Class ; # DriveShaft
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000192 # PowerTransmissionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "drive shaft"@en ;
rdfs:label "eixo de transmissão"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines."@en ;
skos:definition "A drive shaft is an Assembly that bears a PowerTransmissionFunction and consists in a shaft-based system used to transfer rotational mechanical energy from a prime mover to multiple driven machines."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um eixo de transmissão é um Assembly que possui uma PowerTransmissionFunction e consiste em um sistema baseado em eixo usado para transferir energia mecânica rotacional de um motor primário para múltiplas máquinas acionadas."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Over-reaching equivalence (ODR-022 §17). The definition adds \"consists in a shaft-based system\", a structural condition beyond PowerTransmissionFunction. As equivalent it absorbed gear wheel, input shaft and output shaft, none of which is a drive shaft."@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000059 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <DRIVE SHAFT> is an <ARTEFACT> and an <ENERGY TRANSFERRER> that is a shaft used to transfer rotational power from a prime driver to several individual machines by use of drive belts and pulley wheels"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The function of transferring rotational power is what defines a drive shaft's identity. While the ISO definition mentions belts and pulleys as one implementation, the core function is power transmission through rotation. This function already exists in the ontology (used by gearbox), so I reuse it rather than creating a duplicate.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Drive shaft is a mechanical assembly with potentially removable components (shaft, pulleys, belt connections). While no specific parent like 'PowerTransmissionDevice' exists in the parent candidates, Assembly is appropriate as it represents a causally unified artifact with connected subcomponents. The single ISO source lists ARTEFACT and ENERGY TRANSFERRER as parents, but Assembly is the most specific ontologically correct superclass available.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
No component terms are provided in the Known Component Terms list, and the ISO definition mentions belts and pulleys but these are not listed as available component classes. Without specific component terminology from the standards, no parts can be definitively modeled at this universal level.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
—
Transformation (T)
rotational mechanical energy distributed from single prime mover to multiple driven machines through shaft-based transmission system
The signature reflects the core function: taking mechanical power from one source and distributing it to multiple destinations. The one-to-many distribution pattern distinguishes drive shaft from simple couplings or single-machine power transmission devices.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Over-reaching equivalence (ODR-022 §17). The definition adds "consists in a shaft-based system", a structural condition beyond PowerTransmissionFunction. As equivalent it absorbed gear wheel, input shaft and output shaft, none of which is a drive shaft.
Cross-Standard Observations
Only one source (ISO 15926) provides a definition. The definition mentions specific implementation details (belts and pulleys) which may be too restrictive for a universal class definition, as other drive shaft implementations might use different coupling methods.
