exported
equivalent
coalescer
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Coalescer
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off.
PT-BR
Um coalescedor é um separador que usa meio de coalescência para promover a fusão de gotículas em misturas líquidas imiscíveis, permitindo separação por gravidade onde a fase líquida menos densa pode ser removida por escumação.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every coalescer is a separator that bears a coalescence function and participates in gravity separation processes to produce skimmable liquid portions.
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x (Coalescer(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(CoalescenceFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(GravitySeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃o(SkimmableLiquidPortion(o) ∧ hasOutput(x,o))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Coalescer
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000196 rdf:type owl:Class ; # CoalescenceFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000432 # CoalescenceProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000432 # CoalescenceProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "coalescence function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de coalescência"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000432 rdf:type owl:Class ; # CoalescenceProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000006 ; # MechanicalSeparation
rdfs:label "coalescence process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de coalescência"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000006 rdf:type owl:Class . # MechanicalSeparation
:COPI_0000432 # CoalescenceProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000044 # FluidMixture
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] .
### Equipment universal: Coalescer
:COPI_0000107 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Coalescer
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000084 # Separator
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000196 # CoalescenceFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "coalescer"@en ;
rdfs:label "coalescedor"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off."@en ;
skos:definition "A coalescer is a separator that uses coalescence media to promote droplet merger in immiscible liquid mixtures, enabling gravity-based separation where the less dense liquid phase can be skimmed off."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um coalescedor é um separador que usa meio de coalescência para promover a fusão de gotículas em misturas líquidas imiscíveis, permitindo separação por gravidade onde a fase líquida menos densa pode ser removida por escumação."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every coalescer is a separator that bears a coalescence function and participates in gravity separation processes to produce skimmable liquid portions."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Coalescer(x) ↔ (Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(CoalescenceFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(GravitySeparationProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)) ∧ ∃o(SkimmableLiquidPortion(o) ∧ hasOutput(x,o))))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <COALESCER> is a <GRAVITY SEPARATOR> where two liquid substances separates and where the substance with the less gravity can be skimmed off."@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A gravity separator where two liquid substances separates and where the substance with the less gravity can be skimmed off."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A gravity separator where two liquid substances separates and where the substance with the less gravity can be skimmed off."@en .
# Disjointness: Coalescer and Centrifuge
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000107 :COPI_0000225 ) . # Coalescer, Centrifuge
# Disjointness: Coalescer and Filter
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000107 :COPI_0000081 ) . # Coalescer, Filter
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
CoalescenceFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
CoalescenceProcess
⊑ MechanicalSeparation
The identity-giving function is coalescence - the process by which small droplets of one liquid phase merge within another immiscible liquid phase, allowing gravity separation and skimming. This is a specialized subtype of separation that relies on droplet aggregation rather than filtration, centrifugal force, or other separation mechanisms.
2
Genus Determination
Separator
From the parent_candidates, 'GRAVITY SEPARATOR' is the most specific but not yet enriched. The enriched 'Separator' class (function: SeparationFunction, genus: Vessel) is the appropriate genus since a coalescer is fundamentally a type of separator that uses gravity-based coalescence. The 'vessel' option is too generic as it loses the separation specialization.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts are essential for the coalescence process: a chamber for the separation to occur, media to promote droplet merger, and an interface for removing the separated phases.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
FluidMixture
— two immiscible liquid phases with different densities
Outputs (O)
PortionOfLiquid
— denser liquid phase
PortionOfLiquid
— less dense liquid phase suitable for skimming
Transformation (T)
physical separation through droplet coalescence and gravity settling
Coalescers specifically handle liquid-liquid mixtures and separate them into distinct phases based on density differences, with the key characteristic that the lighter phase can be skimmed off.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Centrifuge
Filter
C1: Centrifuge. C2: Filter. Incompatible separation mechanisms: centrifuge uses centrifugal force rather than gravity-based coalescence; filter uses physical barriers rather than droplet merger processes.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three standards provide identical definitions, indicating strong consensus on the concept. The definitions consistently emphasize gravity separation of two liquid substances with the ability to skim off the less dense phase.
