exported
necessary
piston check valve
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Pistoncheckvalve
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow.
PT-BR
Uma válvula de retenção tipo pistão é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento tipo pistão que se move linearmente ao longo do eixo de fluxo sob ação da gravidade ou mola para prevenir refluxo.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every piston check valve is a check valve that has a backflow prevention function and has a piston as a component part.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (PistonCheckValve(x) → (CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(Piston(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: PistonCheckValve
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000161 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BackflowPreventionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000415 # BackflowPreventionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000415 # BackflowPreventionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "backflow prevention function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de prevenção de refluxo"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000415 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BackflowPreventionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000010 ; # FlowControl
rdfs:label "backflow prevention process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de prevenção de refluxo"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000010 rdf:type owl:Class . # FlowControl
:COPI_0000415 # BackflowPreventionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: PistonCheckValve
:COPI_0000138 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PistonCheckValve
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000103 ; # CheckValve
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000161 # BackflowPreventionFunction
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000730 # Piston
] ;
rdfs:label "piston check valve"@en ;
rdfs:label "válvula de retenção tipo pistão"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow."@en ;
skos:definition "A piston check valve is a check valve that has a piston-type closure member that moves linearly along the flow axis under gravity or spring loading to prevent backflow."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma válvula de retenção tipo pistão é uma válvula de retenção que possui um elemento de fechamento tipo pistão que se move linearmente ao longo do eixo de fluxo sob ação da gravidade ou mola para prevenir refluxo."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every piston check valve is a check valve that has a backflow prevention function and has a piston as a component part."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (PistonCheckValve(x) → (CheckValve(x) ∧ ∃f(BackflowPreventionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(Piston(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any artifact with a piston closure could potentially be classified as piston check valve, but specialized hybrid valves or custom manifolds containing piston mechanisms should not be automatically asserted into this standard maintenance category without domain expert validation."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <PISTON CHECK VALVE> is a <LIFT CHECK VALVE> and a <PISTON VALVE> that has a free gravity or spring loaded piston type closure member"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A lift check valve that has a free gravity or spring loaded piston type closure member."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A lift check valve that has a free gravity or spring loaded piston type closure member."@en .
:COPI_0000730 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Piston
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "pistão"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "piston"@en .
# Disjointness: PistonCheckValve and SwingCheckValve
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000138 :COPI_0000153 ) . # PistonCheckValve, SwingCheckValve
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
BackflowPreventionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
BackflowPreventionProcess
⊑ FlowControl
Like all check valves, piston check valves are designed to prevent backflow. This function is already established in the enriched check valve class and should be reused rather than creating a new function type.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
2
Genus Determination
CheckValve
All three source definitions explicitly state this is a type of check valve. The parent_candidates include 'check valve' which is already enriched in our ontology with BackflowPreventionFunction. This is more specific than the also-mentioned 'LIFT CHECK VALVE' and provides the correct functional inheritance.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| Piston | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
The piston closure member and its guide system are necessary structural components for this valve type. Other valve parts (body, seat, bonnet) are inherited from the genus.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— any phase
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— same as input when forward flow, zero when backflow attempted
Transformation (T)
conditional flow passage based on pressure differential direction
Identical to check valve signature - allows forward flow, prevents backflow based on pressure differential across the valve
✓
Expert review — Accepted
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by physical mechanism. Under Open World Assumption, any artifact with a piston closure could potentially be classified as piston check valve, but specialized hybrid valves or custom manifolds containing piston mechanisms should not be automatically asserted into this standard maintenance category without domain expert validation.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
Disjointness Axioms
SwingCheckValve
C1: swing check valve. Disjoint with swing check valve due to incompatible closure mechanisms - cannot simultaneously have both hinged disc and linear piston closure members
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources (ISO 15926, CFIHOS, POSC Caesar) provide nearly identical definitions, emphasizing the piston-type closure member with gravity or spring loading. ISO 15926 additionally notes it's both a LIFT CHECK VALVE and PISTON VALVE, suggesting multiple inheritance patterns in their taxonomy.
Source Definitions
3 sources
ISO 15926-4
PISTON CHECK VALVE ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
CFIHOS
piston check valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
POSC Caesar
Piston Check Valve ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #159 |
| Cluster | piston check valve |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | necessary |
| Created | 2026-04-16 |
| Updated | 2026-09-09 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/check_valve.svg
