exported
necessary
manual valve
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Manualvalve
Generated on 2026-04-13
Natural Language Definition
EN
A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation.
PT-BR
Uma válvula manual é uma válvula que possui um atuador manual que requer força manual para operação.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator as component part.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(ManualValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(ManualActuator(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: ManualValve
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000026 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FlowControlFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "flow control function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de controle de fluxo"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000520 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FlowControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000010 ; # FlowControl
rdfs:label "flow control process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de controle de fluxo"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000010 rdf:type owl:Class . # FlowControl
:COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: ManualValve
:COPI_0000133 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ManualValve
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000077 ; # Valve
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000026 # FlowControlFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "manual valve"@en ;
rdfs:label "válvula manual"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation."@en ;
skos:definition "A manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator requiring hand power for operation."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma válvula manual é uma válvula que possui um atuador manual que requer força manual para operação."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every manual valve is a valve that has a manual actuator as component part."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(ManualValve(x) → Valve(x) ∧ ∃y(ManualActuator(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive classification based on actuation mechanism. Under OWA, any valve with a manual actuator component might be classified as manual valve even if it has additional automated features (hybrid valves). Starting with necessary conditions allows domain experts to validate that manual actuation is both necessary and sufficient before upgrading to equivalent axiom."@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A valve that is regulated with hand power."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
FlowControlFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FlowControlProcess
⊑ FlowControl
Manual valves inherit the generic function of all valves - controlling fluid flow. The manual aspect relates to the actuation mechanism, not to a distinct functional role.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
2
Genus Determination
Valve
From parent_candidates, 'valve' is the direct and most specific superclass. Manual valve is a subtype of valve distinguished by actuation method. Valve is already enriched in our ontology.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
Manual actuator is the essential differentiating part. Hand wheel is common but valve-type specific (gate, globe vs ball, butterfly may have different manual interfaces).
✓
Expert review — Accepted
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— any phase
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— flow rate modified by valve position
Transformation (T)
flow rate control through manual positioning
Same process signature as generic valve - single fluid stream with flow control. Manual aspect affects the control mechanism but not the fluid transformation.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Constructive classification based on actuation mechanism. Under OWA, any valve with a manual actuator component might be classified as manual valve even if it has additional automated features (hybrid valves). Starting with necessary conditions allows domain experts to validate that manual actuation is both necessary and sufficient before upgrading to equivalent axiom.
✓
Expert review — Accepted
Cross-Standard Observations
Only one source definition available. The CFIHOS definition is clear but minimal, focusing on the actuation method. No conflicts to resolve.
Source Definitions
1 source
CFIHOS
manual valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #57 |
| Cluster | manual valve |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | necessary |
| Created | 2026-04-13 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/manual_valve.svg
