exported
equivalent
turbine
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Turbine
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work.
PT-BR
Uma turbina é um conjunto que possui uma função de extração de energia e tem eixo rotativo e pás de interação com fluidos que extraem energia de fluidos em movimento e a convertem em trabalho mecânico útil.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has component parts including a rotating shaft, fluid interaction blades, casing, and bearing system.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Turbine(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnergyExtractionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃s(RotatingShaft(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃b(FluidInteractionBlades(b) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,b)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Turbine
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000504 rdf:type owl:Class ; # EnergyExtractionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000505 # EnergyExtractionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000505 # EnergyExtractionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "energy extraction function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de extração de energia"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000505 rdf:type owl:Class ; # EnergyExtractionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "energy extraction process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de extração de energia"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000505 # EnergyExtractionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: Turbine
:COPI_0000366 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Turbine
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000504 # EnergyExtractionFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "turbine"@en ;
rdfs:label "turbina"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work."@en ;
skos:definition "A turbine is an assembly that bears an energy extraction function and has rotating shaft and fluid-interacting blades that extract energy from flowing fluids and convert it into useful mechanical work."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma turbina é um conjunto que possui uma função de extração de energia e tem eixo rotativo e pás de interação com fluidos que extraem energia de fluidos em movimento e a convertem em trabalho mecânico útil."@pt-br ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <TURBINE> is an <ARTEFACT> and a <DRIVER(function)> that is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that is intended to rotate within a fluid and to transform energy within a fluid into mechanical power."@en ;
skos:definition "[DEXPI] An object that is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work (from ``_)."@en .
# Disjointness: Turbine and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000366 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Turbine, Pump
# Disjointness: Turbine and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000366 :COPI_0000073 ) . # Turbine, Compressor
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
EnergyExtractionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
EnergyExtractionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is extracting energy from flowing fluids and converting it into mechanical work. This distinguishes turbines from other rotating machinery like pumps (which add energy to fluids) or compressors (which compress fluids).
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Turbines are complex rotating machines with multiple physically connected components (rotor, blades, casing, shaft, bearings) that form a single causally unified object. No appropriate intermediate genus exists in the parent candidates - DRIVER is too functional, ARTEFACT too broad. Assembly captures the multi-component nature while maintaining causal unity.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts are universally required across all turbine types for the basic function of extracting energy from flowing fluids and converting to rotational mechanical work.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— high energy content (pressure, temperature, or velocity)
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— reduced energy content
Transformation (T)
extraction of kinetic, potential, or thermal energy from fluid and conversion to mechanical rotational work
Turbines fundamentally transform high-energy fluid input into lower-energy fluid output while producing mechanical work output through energy extraction process.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Pump
Compressor
C2: Pump, Compressor. Incompatible energy flow directions: turbines extract energy from fluids (fluid→mechanical), pumps add energy to fluids (mechanical→fluid), compressors increase fluid pressure rather than extract energy for external mechanical work.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources converge on the same functional definition - rotary mechanical device extracting energy from fluid flow. ISO 15926 adds the DRIVER function role. The extensive CFIHOS/DEXPI property list shows rich operational parameters but doesn't affect the core definitional structure.
Source Definitions
3 sources
ISO 15926-4
TURBINE ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
CFIHOS
turbine
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
DEXPI
Turbine ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #104 |
| Cluster | turbine |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | equivalent |
| Created | 2026-04-15 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
5_2_3/018_turbine_flowmeter.png
