exported
necessary
valve
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Valve
Generated on 2026-04-08
Natural Language Definition
EN
A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams.
PT-BR
Uma válvula é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluxo para permitir, obstruir, regular ou desviar correntes de fluido.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every valve is a material artifact that has the function to control fluid flow by permitting, obstructing, regulating, or diverting fluid streams.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Valve(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Valve
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000026 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FlowControlFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "flow control function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de controle de fluxo"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000520 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FlowControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000010 ; # FlowControl
rdfs:label "flow control process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de controle de fluxo"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000010 rdf:type owl:Class . # FlowControl
:COPI_0000520 # FlowControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: Valve
:COPI_0000077 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Valve
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000026 # FlowControlFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "valve"@en ;
rdfs:label "válvula"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams."@en ;
skos:definition "A valve is an assembly that bears a flow control function to permit, obstruct, regulate, or divert fluid streams."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma válvula é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluxo para permitir, obstruir, regular ou desviar correntes de fluido."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every valve is a material artifact that has the function to control fluid flow by permitting, obstructing, regulating, or diverting fluid streams."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Valve(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(FlowControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Might be too restrictive to define as sufficient being a material artifact and having a flow control function."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <VALVE> is a <FLUID REGULATOR> that can be used to control (i.e. permit, obstruct, regulate or divert) a fluid stream"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A fluid regulator that can be used to control (i.e. permit, obstruct, regulate or divert) a fluid stream."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] Any of several valves: plug, gate, butterfly, needle, etc., used in oil field operations."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A fluid regulator that can be used to control (i.e. permit, obstruct, regulate or divert) a fluid stream."@en .
# Disjointness: Valve and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000077 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Valve, Pump
# Disjointness: Valve and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000077 :COPI_0000073 ) . # Valve, Compressor
# Disjointness: Valve and Turbine
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000077 :COPI_0000366 ) . # Valve, Turbine
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
FlowControlFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FlowControlProcess
⊑ FlowControl
The identity-giving function is the ability to control fluid flow - to permit, obstruct, regulate or divert a fluid stream. This function is what makes a valve a valve regardless of its physical mechanism. Reusing the existing FlowControlFunction from already-enriched classes.
✓
Expert review — Accepted · nosantos
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
While 'FLUID REGULATOR' appears in ISO 15926, this is too domain-specific and not yet enriched. Valve is a foundational equipment category in industrial ontologies. Each valve instance is a single causally unified object with a designed function, making it a MaterialArtifact. The parent candidates show MaterialArtifact as appropriate, and it is already enriched.
✓
Expert review — Accepted · nosantos
"genus: MaterialArtifact → Assembly (ver ODR-007). Válvulas têm ValveBody + FlowControlElement + Seat + Stem como partes distintas e substituíveis. MaterialArtifact era inconsistente com ControlValve filho (Assembly). Status resetado de exported para validated para forçar re-exportação."
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These three parts are universal to all valve types - the body provides containment, the flow control element performs the actual flow manipulation, and seats provide sealing capability.
✓
Expert review — Accepted · nosantos
"essas partes são realmente necessárias?"
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— any phase (gas, liquid, multiphase)
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— same fluid with modified flow characteristics
Transformation (T)
flow control without energy addition - permits, obstructs, regulates, or diverts fluid
✓
Expert review — Accepted · nosantos
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Might be too restrictive to define as sufficient being a material artifact and having a flow control function.
✓
Expert review — Accepted · nosantos
Disjointness Axioms
Pump
Compressor
Turbine
C2: Pump, Compressor, Turbine. These equipment types have incompatible process signatures - pumps and compressors add energy to fluids, turbines extract energy from fluids, while valves control flow without energy transfer.
Cross-Standard Observations
ISO 14224 provides no definition. OnePetro focuses on specific valve types rather than the general concept. ISO 15926, CFIHOS, and POSC Caesar provide consistent functional definitions emphasizing flow control capability. All functional definitions align well.
Source Definitions
4 sources
ISO 15926-4
VALVE ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
CFIHOS
valve
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
onepetro_glossary
Valve ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
POSC Caesar
Valve ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| Reviewer | nosantos |
| ID | #4 |
| Cluster | valve |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | necessary |
| Created | 2026-04-08 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/valve.svg
