exported
necessary
shell and tube heat exchanger
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Shellandtubeheatexchanger
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell.
PT-BR
Um trocador de calor de casco e tubos é um trocador de calor que possui um feixe de tubos contido espacialmente dentro de um casco envolvente.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle as component part and has a shell as component part, where the tube bundle is spatially contained within the shell.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃tb(TubeBundle(tb) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,tb)) ∧ ∃s(Shell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ spatiallyContains(s,tb))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000068 rdf:type owl:Class ; # HeatTransferFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000004 # HeatTransferProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000004 # HeatTransferProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "heat transfer function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de transferência de calor"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000004 rdf:type owl:Class ; # HeatTransferProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "heat transfer process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de transferência de calor"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000004 # HeatTransferProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger
:COPI_0000074 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000092 ; # HeatExchanger
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000068 # HeatTransferFunction
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000374 # VesselShell
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000732 # TubeBundle
] ;
rdfs:label "shell and tube heat exchanger"@en ;
rdfs:label "trocador de calor de casco e tubos"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell."@en ;
skos:definition "A shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle spatially contained within a surrounding shell."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um trocador de calor de casco e tubos é um trocador de calor que possui um feixe de tubos contido espacialmente dentro de um casco envolvente."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every shell and tube heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that has a tube bundle as component part and has a shell as component part, where the tube bundle is spatially contained within the shell."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger(x) → HeatExchanger(x) ∧ ∃tb(TubeBundle(tb) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,tb)) ∧ ∃s(Shell(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s) ∧ spatiallyContains(s,tb))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any equipment with a shell and tube bundle could theoretically be classified as a standard shell-and-tube heat exchanger, but specialized variants (like graphite shell-and-tube or custom multi-stream designs) should not be automatically forced into this maintenance category without domain expert validation."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER> is a <TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER> in which a tube bundle is surrounded by a shell"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A tubular heat exchanger in which a tube bundle is surrounded by a shell."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A tubular heat exchanger in which a tube bundle is surrounded by a shell."@en .
:COPI_0000374 rdf:type owl:Class ; # VesselShell
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "parte de objeto por fiat"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "vessel shell"@en .
:COPI_0000732 rdf:type owl:Class ; # TubeBundle
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ;
rdfs:label "feixe tubular"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "tube bundle"@en .
# Disjointness: ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger and PlateHeatExchanger
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000074 :COPI_0000139 ) . # ShellAndTubeHeatExchanger, PlateHeatExchanger
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
HeatTransferFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
HeatTransferProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is heat transfer between fluid streams, which is shared with all heat exchangers. This is the fundamental purpose that makes any device a heat exchanger, regardless of its internal construction.
2
Genus Determination
HeatExchanger
The genus is 'heat exchanger' as explicitly stated in all source definitions ('A tubular heat exchanger...'). This is the most specific appropriate superclass and is already enriched in our ontology. Heat exchanger is itself an Assembly with HeatTransferFunction. The parent candidates support this with 'TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER' being a subtype of heat exchanger.
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| VesselShell | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
| TubeBundle | Assembly | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
These parts directly correspond to the definitional elements in all standards: 'tube bundle' and 'shell' are explicitly mentioned as the defining structural components.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— one on tube side, one on shell side, different temperatures
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— tube side and shell side fluids with modified temperatures
Transformation (T)
thermal energy exchange between two fluid streams without mixing
Shell and tube heat exchangers have a characteristic two-stream signature: one fluid flows through tubes, another through the shell space around tubes, enabling heat exchange without direct contact. This matches the standard properties that specify separate tube side and shell side operating conditions.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type to avoid false positives under OWA. Any equipment with a shell and tube bundle could theoretically be classified as a standard shell-and-tube heat exchanger, but specialized variants (like graphite shell-and-tube or custom multi-stream designs) should not be automatically forced into this maintenance category without domain expert validation.
Disjointness Axioms
PlateHeatExchanger
C?: PlateHeatExchanger [kind_ambiguous]. Different constructive configurations are mutually exclusive - an equipment cannot simultaneously have a shell-and-tube geometry and a plate stack geometry or spiral wound geometry.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources provide identical definitions, indicating strong consensus on the constructive definition. The CFIHOS properties reveal the characteristic two-sided nature (tube side vs shell side) with separate operating parameters for each side, reinforcing the constructive basis. TEMA type classification in properties indicates this is a well-established equipment category with standardized design variants.
Reviewer Notes
spatiallyContains, TubeBundle and Shell are FOL-only predicates (no OWL IRI), analogous to sameSubstance in operation axioms. hasComponentPartAtAllTimes is iof-constr: canonical. Axiom uses → (necessary condition, isPrimitive true). ODR-019.
Source Definitions
3 sources
ISO 15926-4
SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
CFIHOS
shell and tube heat exchanger
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
POSC Caesar
Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #171 |
| Cluster | shell and tube heat exchanger |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | necessary |
| Created | 2026-04-16 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/heat_exchanger.svg
