exported
necessary
flange
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Flange
Generated on 2026-04-13
Natural Language Definition
EN
A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components.
PT-BR
Um flange é um artefato material caracterizado por uma geometria de aro plano projetante, placa, colar ou nervura, projetado para fornecer conexão mecânica entre componentes.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every flange is a material artifact that has a projecting flat rim geometry and has the function of mechanically connecting components.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Flange(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃g(ProjectingFlatRimGeometry(g) ∧ hasCharacteristic(x,g)) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalConnectionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Flange
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000441 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ConnectionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "connection function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de conexão"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000442 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ConnectionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "connection process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de conexão"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact
] .
### Equipment universal: Flange
:COPI_0000273 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Flange
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000238 ; # Coupling
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000441 # ConnectionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "flange"@en ;
rdfs:label "flange"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components."@en ;
skos:definition "A flange is a material artifact characterized by a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib geometry, designed to provide mechanical connection between components."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um flange é um artefato material caracterizado por uma geometria de aro plano projetante, placa, colar ou nervura, projetado para fornecer conexão mecânica entre componentes."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every flange is a material artifact that has a projecting flat rim geometry and has the function of mechanically connecting components."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Flange(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃g(ProjectingFlatRimGeometry(g) ∧ hasCharacteristic(x,g)) ∧ ∃f(MechanicalConnectionFunction(f) ∧ hasFunction(x,f)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, any artifact with projecting flat rim geometry would be forced into the flange category, which could incorrectly classify specialized equipment or complex assemblies that contain flange-like features but serve different primary functions."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <FLANGE> is an <ARTEFACT> and a <CONNECTOR> that is a projecting flat rim, plate, collar, or rib for strength or for attachment to another object"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that is a projecting flat rim, plate, collar or rib."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] A connection profile used in pipe work and associated equipment to provide a means of assembling and disassembling components."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] A common, high pressure wellhead connection, using bolt attached flange plates and metal-to-metal seals."@en .
# Disjointness: Flange and Pipe
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000273 :COPI_0000321 ) . # Flange, Pipe
# Disjointness: Flange and Valve
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000273 :COPI_0000077 ) . # Flange, Valve
# Disjointness: Flange and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000273 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Flange, Pump
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ConnectionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ConnectionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
Flanges are designed to connect components together, providing a means of assembling and disassembling piping and equipment. This is the generic function that all flanges share, regardless of their specific structural configuration.
2
Genus Determination
Coupling
A flange is a coupling: it is a material artifact bearing a ConnectionFunction, which is exactly the definition of Coupling. The subsumption was already entailed but never declared (ODR-022 §17); the projecting rim/plate/collar geometry is the differentia over that genus.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts capture the essential structural elements that enable a flange to function - the body provides the geometry and the bolt holes enable the mechanical connection capability.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
MaterialArtifact
— components to be connected
Outputs (O)
MaterialArtifact
— mechanically connected assembly
Transformation (T)
mechanical joining of components through bolted connection
Flanges take two separate components and create a mechanically joined assembly through their bolted connection mechanism. The transformation is purely mechanical - no change in material properties or phase.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Using necessary conditions because this is a constructive type defined by structural geometry. Under OWA, any artifact with projecting flat rim geometry would be forced into the flange category, which could incorrectly classify specialized equipment or complex assemblies that contain flange-like features but serve different primary functions.
Disjointness Axioms
Pipe
Valve
Pump
C1: Pipe. C?: Valve [kind_ambiguous]. C?: Pump [kind_ambiguous]. Pipes are conduits without projecting connection geometry; valves and pumps have incompatible process signatures focused on flow control and fluid movement respectively, rather than structural connection.
Cross-Standard Observations
ISO 15926 emphasizes the connector role and structural strength aspects. CFIHOS provides the most concise structural description. SLB Glossary focuses on the assembly/disassembly functionality for pipework. OnePetro is more specific to wellhead applications with high-pressure and metal-to-metal sealing. All sources agree on the flat projecting geometry as the defining characteristic.
