exported
equivalent
anode
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Anode
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity.
PT-BR
Um ânodo é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função de servir como eletrodo positivo em processos eletroquímicos, capaz de emitir portadores de carga positiva para e/ou receber portadores de carga negativa de um meio de menor condutividade.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every anode is electrical equipment that has the function of electrochemical oxidation and has electrical connection and active material as component parts at all times.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Anode(x) ↔ ElectricalEquipment(x) ∧ ∃f(AnodeFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Anode
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000411 rdf:type owl:Class ; # AnodeFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000498 # ElectrochemicalOxidationProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000498 # ElectrochemicalOxidationProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "anode function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de proteção anódica"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000498 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ElectrochemicalOxidationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000007 ; # ChemicalReaction
rdfs:label "electrochemical oxidation process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de oxidação eletroquímica"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000007 rdf:type owl:Class . # ChemicalReaction
:COPI_0000498 # ElectrochemicalOxidationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000400 # RemovedMaterial
] .
### Equipment universal: Anode
:COPI_0000212 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Anode
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000411 # AnodeFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "anode"@en ;
rdfs:label "ânodo"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity."@en ;
skos:definition "An anode is electrical equipment that bears the function of serving as the positive electrode in electrochemical processes, capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from a medium of lower conductivity."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um ânodo é um equipamento elétrico que possui a função de servir como eletrodo positivo em processos eletroquímicos, capaz de emitir portadores de carga positiva para e/ou receber portadores de carga negativa de um meio de menor condutividade."@pt-br ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000383 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] An <ANODE> is an <ELECTRICAL DEVICE> that has a capability of <EMITTING> positive charge carriers to, and/or <RECEIVING> negative charge carriers from, the medium of lower conductivity"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that is capable of emitting positive charge carriers to and/or receiving negative charge carriers from the medium of lower conductivity."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] The half of a battery that is positively charged and to which anions migrate by electrostatic attraction."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] The positively charged site in a cell. Oxidation site. The site of metal loss in corrosion."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
AnodeFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ElectrochemicalOxidationProcess
⊑ ChemicalReaction
The identity-giving function is the capability to serve as the positive electrode in an electrochemical system, where oxidation occurs and positive charge carriers are emitted or negative charge carriers are received. This function is what makes an anode an anode across all contexts (batteries, cathodic protection, electrolytic cells).
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
ISO15926 classifies anode under ELECTRICAL DEVICE, which maps to ElectricalEquipment in our ontology framework. While ElectricalEquipment is not yet enriched in our system, it is the appropriate genus as anodes are fundamentally electrical components designed for electrochemical processes. The Assembly root is chosen because anodes can have removable subcomponents (cable connections, mounting hardware) while maintaining causal unity.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts are universal across all anode types. Specific anode subtypes (sacrificial vs. impressed current) will have additional specialized parts, but electrical connection and active material are fundamental requirements for any functioning anode.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
RemovedMaterial
— oxidation byproducts
Transformation (T)
electrochemical oxidation - conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy with material consumption
Anodes participate in electrochemical processes where they receive electrons and release positive charge carriers or ions, typically involving material consumption through oxidation. This signature distinguishes anodes from other electrical components.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Cross-Standard Observations
Definitions are consistent across standards, all emphasizing the electrochemical charge carrier function. SLB and OnePetro focus on battery/corrosion contexts while ISO15926 and CFIHOS provide more general electrochemical definitions. The subtypes show clear specialization into sacrificial anodes (galvanic protection) and impressed current anodes (powered protection systems).
