exported
equivalent
bearing
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Bearing
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection.
PT-BR
Um mancal é um artefato material que é projetado para suportar e localizar elementos mecânicos móveis ou estáticos enquanto reduz o atrito na conexão.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every bearing is a material artifact that bears a support function and participates in friction reduction processes
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Bearing(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SupportFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(FrictionReductionProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Bearing
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000659 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SupportFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000660 # SupportingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000660 # SupportingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "support function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de suporte"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000660 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SupportingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "supporting process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de suporte"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000660 # SupportingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000385 # MechanicalSupport
] .
### Equipment universal: Bearing
:COPI_0000215 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Bearing
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:MaterialArtifact
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000659 # SupportFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "bearing"@en ;
rdfs:label "mancal"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection."@en ;
skos:definition "A bearing is a material artifact that is designed to support and locate moving or static mechanical elements while reducing friction in the connection."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um mancal é um artefato material que é projetado para suportar e localizar elementos mecânicos móveis ou estáticos enquanto reduz o atrito na conexão."@pt-br ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000385 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <BEARING> is a <SUPPORT> intended to support and locate a moving or static element"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object intended to support and locate a moving or static element and capable of reducing friction and transfer forces in a connection."@en .
# Disjointness: Bearing and Valve
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000215 :COPI_0000077 ) . # Bearing, Valve
# Disjointness: Bearing and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000215 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Bearing, Pump
# Disjointness: Bearing and HeatExchanger
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000215 :COPI_0000092 ) . # Bearing, HeatExchanger
# Disjointness: Bearing and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000215 :COPI_0000073 ) . # Bearing, Compressor
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
SupportFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
SupportingProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is to support and locate mechanical elements, which is a specific type of mechanical support that enables relative motion while maintaining positional control and reducing friction
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
While ISO 15926 suggests SUPPORT as a parent, this is not available in our enriched classes. CFIHOS places it under 'other mechanical equipment' which is too vague. Bearings are typically monolithic or simple assemblies that function as single causally unified artifacts designed for support, fitting MaterialArtifact. They lack the complex assembly structure that would require Assembly classification.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
The supporting surface is the minimal essential part common to all bearing types. Specific subtypes will have additional parts (balls, rollers, races, bushings, magnetic elements) but the supporting interface is universal.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
MechanicalSupport
— constrained motion with reduced friction
Transformation (T)
mechanical load transfer with friction reduction and motion constraint
Bearings receive mechanical loads and transform them into controlled, low-friction support that enables or constrains relative motion between mechanical elements
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Valve
Pump
HeatExchanger
Compressor
C4: Valve, Pump, HeatExchanger, Compressor. Bearings have incompatible process signatures with fluid handling equipment - they handle mechanical loads rather than fluid streams
Cross-Standard Observations
Both sources emphasize the support and location function, with CFIHOS explicitly adding friction reduction and force transfer capabilities. ISO 15926 provides extensive bearing subtypes showing the rich taxonomy within this category. The definitions are consistent and complementary.
