exported
necessary
pipe bend
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Pipebend
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius.
PT-BR
Uma curva de tubo é um tubo que possui geometria curvada para mudar a direção da tubulação com um raio não padrão.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every pipe bend is a pipe that has curved geometry and has non-standard bend radius.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (PipeBend(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g (CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasQuality(x,g)) ∧ ∃r (NonStandardBendRadius(r) ∧ hasQuality(x,r)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: PipeBend
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000529 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidConductionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "fluid conduction function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de condução de fluido"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000530 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidConductionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000003 ; # MomentumTransfer
rdfs:label "fluid conduction process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de condução de fluido"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class . # MomentumTransfer
:COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: PipeBend
:COPI_0000322 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PipeBend
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000321 ; # Pipe
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000529 # FluidConductionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "pipe bend"@en ;
rdfs:label "curva de tubo"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius."@en ;
skos:definition "A pipe bend is a pipe that has a curved geometry to change piping direction with a non-standard radius."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma curva de tubo é um tubo que possui geometria curvada para mudar a direção da tubulação com um raio não padrão."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every pipe bend is a pipe that has curved geometry and has non-standard bend radius."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (PipeBend(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃g (CurvedGeometry(g) ∧ hasQuality(x,g)) ∧ ∃r (NonStandardBendRadius(r) ∧ hasQuality(x,r)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the curved geometry with non-standard radius is distinctive, making it sufficient under OWA could force classification of complex piping assemblies or custom manifolds containing bent sections into this maintenance category inappropriately."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <PIPE BEND> is a <PIPING COMPONENT> that is intended to change piping direction with a non-standard radius"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that is used to change piping direction with a non-standard radius."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] An 'artefact' that is intended to change piping direction with a non-standard radius"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
FluidConductionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FluidConductionProcess
⊑ MomentumTransfer
Like any pipe component, pipe bends conduct fluid from one location to another. This is the generic function inherited from the pipe genus, not a distinguishing function specific to bends.
2
Genus Determination
Pipe
All source definitions consistently indicate pipe bend is a specialized type of piping component. The enriched 'pipe' class (function: FluidConductionFunction, genus: MaterialArtifact) is the most specific appropriate superclass. Pipe bend is essentially a pipe with modified geometry, inheriting the basic fluid conduction function while adding directional change capability through its curved form.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
Pipe bends inherit the basic pipe structure (pipe wall, bore) from the pipe genus. The specific additional part is the bent section that creates the curved geometry distinguishing it from straight pipes.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— enters at inlet
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— exits at outlet with changed flow direction
Transformation (T)
directional change without phase or composition change
Like any pipe, conducts fluid from inlet to outlet, but the curved geometry changes the flow direction. The fluid properties remain unchanged - only the flow direction is modified.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the curved geometry with non-standard radius is distinctive, making it sufficient under OWA could force classification of complex piping assemblies or custom manifolds containing bent sections into this maintenance category inappropriately.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources (ISO 15926, CFIHOS, POSC Caesar) consistently define pipe bend with the key characteristic of 'non-standard radius' for direction change. This suggests strong consensus on the distinguishing geometric property.
