exported
equivalent
dryer
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Dryer
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials.
PT-BR
Um secador é um conjunto que possui uma função de secagem para remover umidade de materiais.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every dryer is an assembly that has the function of drying materials by removing moisture.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (Dryer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DryingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Dryer
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000484 rdf:type owl:Class ; # DryingFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000485 # DryingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000485 # DryingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "drying function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de secagem"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000485 rdf:type owl:Class ; # DryingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000005 ; # MassTransfer
rdfs:label "drying process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de secagem"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000005 rdf:type owl:Class . # MassTransfer
:COPI_0000485 # DryingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000040 # MaterialEntity
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000040 # MaterialEntity
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] .
### Equipment universal: Dryer
:COPI_0000258 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Dryer
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000484 # DryingFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "dryer"@en ;
rdfs:label "secador"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials."@en ;
skos:definition "A dryer is an assembly that bears a drying function to remove moisture from materials."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um secador é um conjunto que possui uma função de secagem para remover umidade de materiais."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every dryer is an assembly that has the function of drying materials by removing moisture."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Dryer(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(DryingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <DRYER> is a <FunctionalObject> that has a capability of <DRYING>"@en ;
skos:definition "[DEXPI] An object that has the capability of drying (from ``_)."@en .
# Disjointness: Dryer and Filter
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000258 :COPI_0000081 ) . # Dryer, Filter
# Disjointness: Dryer and Centrifuge
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000258 :COPI_0000225 ) . # Dryer, Centrifuge
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
DryingFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
DryingProcess
⊑ MassTransfer
Drying is the identity-giving function that distinguishes dryers from other equipment. The function involves removing moisture/water from materials through various mechanisms (heat, gas contact, pressure reduction, etc.).
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
No more specific equipment superclass is evident from the parent candidates. ProcessEquipment and FunctionalObject are too abstract. Dryers are typically complex equipment with multiple interacting parts (heating elements, blowers, control systems) that form a causally unified whole, making Assembly the appropriate genus.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These are the minimal essential parts - a space for drying and a way to handle materials. Specific heat sources, gas handling systems, or control mechanisms vary by subtype.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
MaterialEntity
— contains moisture to be removed
Outputs (O)
MaterialEntity
— reduced moisture content
PortionOfGas
— extracted moisture
Transformation (T)
moisture removal from solid or liquid materials
Dryers take wet materials and produce the same materials with reduced moisture content plus the extracted water/vapor. The transformation is specifically about moisture separation.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Filter
Centrifuge
C4: Filter. C?: Centrifuge [kind_ambiguous]. Filters separate solid particles from fluids, centrifuges separate by density difference - both have incompatible process signatures with moisture removal drying
Cross-Standard Observations
Both ISO 15926 and DEXPI provide consistent functional definitions focusing on drying capability. The subtype examples show various physical mechanisms (convection, heated surface, flash, fluid bed) confirming this is primarily a functional classification.
