exported
necessary
pipe reducer
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Pipereducer
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes.
PT-BR
Um redutor de tubulação é um tubo que possui tamanhos nominais diferentes de tubulação em suas duas extremidades, destinado a conectar tubos ou componentes de tubulação de tamanhos diferentes.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every pipe reducer is a pipe that has an inlet end and outlet end with different nominal pipe sizes
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x (PipeReducer(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃i,o (InletEnd(i) ∧ OutletEnd(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o) ∧ DifferentNominalPipeSizes(i,o)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: PipeReducer
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000529 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidConductionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "fluid conduction function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de condução de fluido"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000530 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidConductionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000003 ; # MomentumTransfer
rdfs:label "fluid conduction process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de condução de fluido"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class . # MomentumTransfer
:COPI_0000530 # FluidConductionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: PipeReducer
:COPI_0000324 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PipeReducer
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000321 ; # Pipe
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000529 # FluidConductionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "pipe reducer"@en ;
rdfs:label "redutor de tubulação"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes."@en ;
skos:definition "A pipe reducer is a pipe that has different nominal pipe sizes at its two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different sizes."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um redutor de tubulação é um tubo que possui tamanhos nominais diferentes de tubulação em suas duas extremidades, destinado a conectar tubos ou componentes de tubulação de tamanhos diferentes."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every pipe reducer is a pipe that has an inlet end and outlet end with different nominal pipe sizes"@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (PipeReducer(x) → Pipe(x) ∧ ∃i,o (InletEnd(i) ∧ OutletEnd(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,i) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o) ∧ DifferentNominalPipeSizes(i,o)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "As a constructive type defined by geometric configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted under the Open World Assumption to prevent false positives. Complex assemblies or custom manifolds containing size transitions should not be automatically classified as standard pipe reducers without explicit assertion."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <PIPE REDUCER> is a <PIPING COMPONENT> and a <REDUCER> either concentric or eccentric of different nominal pipe size at the two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components of different nominal pipe sizes or non standard sizes"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] An 'artefact' that has different nominal pipe size at the two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] An 'artefact' that has different nominal pipe size at the two ends, intended to connect pipes or piping components."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
FluidConductionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FluidConductionProcess
⊑ MomentumTransfer
A pipe reducer conducts fluid while changing the cross-sectional area. It shares the same basic designed function as a pipe - to provide a conduit for fluid flow. The size transition is a geometric property, not a distinct functional differentia.
2
Genus Determination
Pipe
A pipe reducer is fundamentally a specialized type of pipe with a geometric differentia (size transition). The parent candidates include PIPING COMPONENT and REDUCER, but 'pipe' is the most specific and appropriate genus since a reducer is essentially a pipe segment with varying diameter. The enriched pipe class already exists in our ontology with FluidConductionFunction.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These are the essential structural components that enable the size transition function. The two differently-sized ends and the connecting body are necessary for any conceivable pipe reducer.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— at larger or smaller pipe size
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— at correspondingly different pipe size, same fluid properties
Transformation (T)
geometric transition - changes flow cross-sectional area but preserves fluid composition
The signature reflects the size transition while maintaining fluid continuity. The transformation is purely geometric - changing the flow area without altering fluid properties.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
As a constructive type defined by geometric configuration, sufficient conditions are omitted under the Open World Assumption to prevent false positives. Complex assemblies or custom manifolds containing size transitions should not be automatically classified as standard pipe reducers without explicit assertion.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources (ISO 15926, CFIHOS, POSC Caesar) provide highly consistent definitions focusing on the size difference characteristic. ISO 15926 adds the useful distinction of concentric vs eccentric variants and mentions non-standard sizes.
