exported
necessary
diesel engine
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Dieselengine
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems.
PT-BR
Um motor diesel é um motor que inflama combustível através do calor de compressão em vez de ignição por centelha, requerendo sistemas de ignição por compressão e injeção de combustível.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
A diesel engine is necessarily an engine that has compression ignition system and fuel injection system and participates in compression ignition process.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
DieselEngine(x) → Engine(x) ∧ ∃s(CompressionIgnitionSystem(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃f(FuelInjectionSystem(f) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(CompressionIgnitionProcess(p) ∧ participatesIn(x,p))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: DieselEngine
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000574 rdf:type owl:Class ; # MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000575 # MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000575 # MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000575 rdf:type owl:Class ; # MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "mechanical energy generation process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de geração de energia mecânica"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000575 # MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000393 # FuelPortion
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000386 # PortionOfAir
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000394 # ExhaustGas
] .
### Equipment universal: DieselEngine
:COPI_0000250 rdf:type owl:Class ; # DieselEngine
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000264 ; # Engine
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000574 # MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000730 # Piston
] ;
rdfs:label "diesel engine"@en ;
rdfs:label "motor diesel"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems."@en ;
skos:definition "A diesel engine is an engine that ignites fuel through compression heat rather than spark ignition, requiring compression ignition and fuel injection systems."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um motor diesel é um motor que inflama combustível através do calor de compressão em vez de ignição por centelha, requerendo sistemas de ignição por compressão e injeção de combustível."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While compression ignition is characteristic of diesel engines, under OWA we cannot be certain that any engine with compression ignition systems is necessarily a diesel engine - there could be hybrid or specialized engines with similar mechanisms that should not be auto-classified as standard diesel engines without expert validation."@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000059 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <DIESEL ENGINE> is an <INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE> and a <RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINE> in which ignition of the fuel injected into the cylinder is performed by the heat of compression of the air charge"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] An internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel injected into the cylinder is performed by the heat of compression of the air charge."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] An internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel injected into the cylinder is performed by the heat of compression of the air charge."@en .
:COPI_0000730 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Piston
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "pistão"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "piston"@en .
# Disjointness: DieselEngine and GasTurbine
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000250 :COPI_0000286 ) . # DieselEngine, GasTurbine
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
MechanicalEnergyGenerationFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
MechanicalEnergyGenerationProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
Like all engines, a diesel engine's identity-giving function is generating mechanical energy. This function is already established in the enriched 'engine' class and should be reused rather than creating a diesel-specific function variant.
2
Genus Determination
Engine
The parent_candidates include 'engine' which is already enriched in our ontology. While ISO 15926 lists both 'INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE' and 'RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINE' as parents, 'engine' is the most specific enriched superclass available. The definitions consistently identify diesel engines as internal combustion engines, which are a subset of engines generally.
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| Piston | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
These parts are essential to the compression ignition mechanism that defines diesel engines, distinguishing them from other engine types
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
FuelPortion
— liquid hydrocarbon fuel
PortionOfAir
— atmospheric air for combustion
Outputs (O)
ExhaustGas
— combustion products
Transformation (T)
chemical energy conversion to mechanical energy via compression ignition combustion
Diesel engines specifically consume diesel fuel and air, converting chemical energy to mechanical power through compression ignition, while producing exhaust gases
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While compression ignition is characteristic of diesel engines, under OWA we cannot be certain that any engine with compression ignition systems is necessarily a diesel engine - there could be hybrid or specialized engines with similar mechanisms that should not be auto-classified as standard diesel engines without expert validation.
Disjointness Axioms
gas turbine
C?: gas turbine [kind_ambiguous]. Incompatible ignition mechanisms - compression ignition vs spark ignition vs continuous combustion vs external combustion represent mutually exclusive engine technologies
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources provide nearly identical definitions focusing on compression ignition as the key characteristic. ISO 15926 additionally specifies it as both an internal combustion engine and reciprocating piston engine, providing useful hierarchical context. No conflicts observed between sources.
