exported
equivalent
silo
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Silo
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials.
PT-BR
Um silo é um vaso que possui uma função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel e tem uma seção inferior cônica para facilitar o armazenamento e descarga de materiais sólidos a granel.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every silo is a vessel that has the function of storing bulk solids and has a conical bottom component.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (Silo(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidBulkStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(ConicalBottom(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Silo
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000642 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SolidBulkStorageFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000643 # SolidBulkStorageProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000643 # SolidBulkStorageProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "solid bulk storage function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000643 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SolidBulkStorageProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000009 ; # MaterialContainment
rdfs:label "solid bulk storage process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de armazenamento de sólidos a granel"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000009 rdf:type owl:Class . # MaterialContainment
:COPI_0000643 # SolidBulkStorageProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000040 # PortionOfSolid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000040 # PortionOfSolid
] .
### Equipment universal: Silo
:COPI_0000351 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Silo
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000158 # Vessel
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000642 # SolidBulkStorageFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "silo"@en ;
rdfs:label "silo"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials."@en ;
skos:definition "A silo is a vessel that bears a solid bulk storage function and has a conical bottom section for facilitating the storage and discharge of bulk solid materials."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um silo é um vaso que possui uma função de armazenamento de sólidos a granel e tem uma seção inferior cônica para facilitar o armazenamento e descarga de materiais sólidos a granel."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every silo is a vessel that has the function of storing bulk solids and has a conical bottom component."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Silo(x) ↔ (Vessel(x) ∧ ∃f(SolidBulkStorageFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃c(ConicalBottom(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c))))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <SILO> is a <CONTAINER> with a conical shape that is intended to store solids in bulk"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A vessel that has a bottom in the shape of a cone and is intended to store solid particles."@en ;
skos:definition "[DEXPI] A with a conical shape that is intended to store solids in bulk (from ``_)."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
SolidBulkStorageFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
SolidBulkStorageProcess
⊑ MaterialContainment
The identity-giving function is the specialized storage of solid materials in bulk quantities, which distinguishes silos from other storage vessels that handle liquids or gases. This function encompasses both containment and the specific handling requirements for bulk solids.
2
Genus Determination
Vessel
From parent_candidates, 'vessel' is the most specific and appropriate genus, already enriched in our ontology. CFIHOS explicitly states 'A vessel that has...' and ISO15926 indicates CONTAINER as parent, but vessel is more specific than container and already defined. Silo is a specialized type of vessel for solid storage.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts represent the minimal structural requirements that distinguish a silo from other vessels - the conical bottom for solid discharge and the containment walls. Additional components like roofs, discharge systems, etc. vary by subtype.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfSolid
— bulk particulate material
Outputs (O)
PortionOfSolid
— same bulk material, potentially aged/settled
Transformation (T)
temporary containment with potential settling/compaction over time
Silos receive bulk solid materials for storage and discharge the same materials, with minimal transformation except for natural settling, compaction, or minor degradation during storage period.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Cross-Standard Observations
All three standards consistently emphasize both the conical shape and the solid bulk storage purpose. DEXPI definition appears incomplete but references the same ISO source. Minor variation in terminology ('particles' vs 'solids in bulk') but conceptual alignment is strong.
