exported
equivalent
knock out drum
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Knockoutdrum
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation.
PT-BR
Um vaso separador de condensado é um separador projetado para separar quantidades relativamente pequenas de líquido de uma corrente de vapor através de separação de fases gravitacional e baseada em momento.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every knock out drum is a separator that bears a knock out separation function, which is realized in processes that separate small quantities of liquid from vapor streams.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(KnockOutDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(KnockOutSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: KnockOutDrum
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000561 rdf:type owl:Class ; # KnockOutSeparationFunction
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000195 ; # SeparationFunction
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000562 # KnockOutSeparationProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000562 # KnockOutSeparationProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "knock out separation function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de separação knock-out"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000195 rdf:type owl:Class . # SeparationFunction
### Process type
:COPI_0000562 rdf:type owl:Class ; # KnockOutSeparationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000635 ; # SeparationProcess
rdfs:label "knock out separation process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de separação knock-out"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000635 rdf:type owl:Class . # SeparationProcess
:COPI_0000562 # KnockOutSeparationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] .
### Equipment universal: KnockOutDrum
:COPI_0000308 rdf:type owl:Class ; # KnockOutDrum
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000084 # Separator
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000561 # KnockOutSeparationFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "knock out drum"@en ;
rdfs:label "vaso separador de condensado"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation."@en ;
skos:definition "A knock out drum is a separator designed to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream through gravitational and momentum-based phase separation."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um vaso separador de condensado é um separador projetado para separar quantidades relativamente pequenas de líquido de uma corrente de vapor através de separação de fases gravitacional e baseada em momento."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every knock out drum is a separator that bears a knock out separation function, which is realized in processes that separate small quantities of liquid from vapor streams."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(KnockOutDrum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f(KnockOutSeparationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <KNOCK OUT DRUM> is an <ARTEFACT> and a <VESSEL> and a <VAPOUR-LIQUID SEPATATOR> intended to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapour stream"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A drum intended to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapour stream."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A drum intended to separate relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapour stream"@en .
# Disjointness: KnockOutDrum and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000308 :COPI_0000073 ) . # KnockOutDrum, Compressor
# Disjointness: KnockOutDrum and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000308 :COPI_0000072 ) . # KnockOutDrum, Pump
# Disjointness: KnockOutDrum and HeatExchanger
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000308 :COPI_0000092 ) . # KnockOutDrum, HeatExchanger
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
KnockOutSeparationFunction
⊑ SeparationFunction
Realized in
KnockOutSeparationProcess
⊑ SeparationProcess
The identity-giving function is the specific type of separation that removes relatively small quantities of liquid from a vapor stream. This is a specialized subtype of general SeparationFunction, distinguished by the vapor-to-liquid phase separation with minimal liquid content expected.
2
Genus Determination
Separator
All source definitions consistently position knock out drum as a specialized type of separator. The enriched Separator class (function: SeparationFunction, genus: Vessel) is the most specific appropriate superclass. While ISO 15926 also lists VESSEL, Separator is more specific and captures the separative nature that distinguishes this from general containment vessels.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts are essential for the basic knock out separation function - vessel containment, vapor input, cleaned vapor output, and liquid drainage capability.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfGas
— containing entrained liquid droplets
Outputs (O)
PortionOfGas
— cleaned, with reduced liquid content
PortionOfLiquid
— separated liquid in relatively small quantities
Transformation (T)
gravitational and momentum-based phase separation to remove liquid droplets from vapor stream
The signature reflects the core function: one vapor input stream is transformed into two output streams - a cleaned vapor stream and the knocked-out liquid portion.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Compressor
Pump
HeatExchanger
C4: Compressor, Pump, HeatExchanger. Process signature incompatibility: compressors add mechanical energy to fluids, pumps move liquids with pressure increase, heat exchangers transfer thermal energy between streams, while knock out drums perform passive phase separation
Cross-Standard Observations
All three sources (ISO 15926, CFIHOS, POSC Caesar) provide remarkably consistent definitions, emphasizing the specific function of separating small quantities of liquid from vapor streams. ISO 15926 provides the most detailed classification hierarchy including VESSEL and VAPOUR-LIQUID SEPARATOR.
Source Definitions
3 sources
ISO 15926-4
KNOCK OUT DRUM ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
CFIHOS
knock out drum
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
POSC Caesar
Knock Out Drum ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #181 |
| Cluster | knock out drum |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | equivalent |
| Created | 2026-04-16 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/knock_out_drum.svg
