Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations · INF-UFRGS-Ontologies · CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi 3b88fd7
ISA 5.1 symbol for gear pump
exported necessary
gear pump
IRI: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Gearpump
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A gear pump is a pump in which meshing gears carry liquid around the casing wall from suction to discharge, sustaining pressure at the outlet.
PT-BR
Uma bomba de engrenagem é uma bomba em que engrenagens engrenadas levam o líquido junto à parede da carcaça, da sucção até a descarga, sustentando a pressão na saída.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every gear pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a gear mechanism and a pump casing, and bears a pumping function.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override ∀x (GearPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃g,c (GearMechanism(g) ∧ PumpCasing(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: GearPump <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :COPI_0000066 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PumpingFunction rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000616 # PumpingProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000616 # PumpingProcess ] ; rdfs:label "pumping function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de bombeamento"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A designed function that is realized in a liquid pressure increase process."@en ; skos:definition "A designed function that is realized in a liquid pressure increase process."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma função projetada que é realizada em um processo de aumento de pressão de líquido."@pt-br . ### Process type :COPI_0000616 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PumpingProcess rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000003 ; # MomentumTransfer rdfs:label "pumping process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de bombeamento"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A planned process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or elevation."@en ; skos:definition "A planned process in which mechanical energy is imparted to a fluid to increase its pressure, velocity, or elevation."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um processo planejado em que energia mecânica é transferida a um fluido para aumentar sua pressão, velocidade ou elevação."@pt-br . :COPI_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class . # MomentumTransfer :COPI_0000616 # PumpingProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid ] . ### Equipment universal: GearPump :COPI_0000289 rdf:type owl:Class ; # GearPump rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000072 ; # Pump rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000066 # PumpingFunction ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000335 # PumpCasing ] ; rdfs:label "gear pump"@en ; rdfs:label "bomba de engrenagem"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A gear pump is a pump in which meshing gears carry liquid around the casing wall from suction to discharge, sustaining pressure at the outlet."@en ; skos:definition "A gear pump is a pump in which meshing gears carry liquid around the casing wall from suction to discharge, sustaining pressure at the outlet."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma bomba de engrenagem é uma bomba em que engrenagens engrenadas levam o líquido junto à parede da carcaça, da sucção até a descarga, sustentando a pressão na saída."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every gear pump is a pump that has as component part at all times a gear mechanism and a pump casing, and bears a pumping function."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (GearPump(x) → Pump(x) ∧ ∃g,c (GearMechanism(g) ∧ PumpCasing(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,g) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the gear mechanism is definitionally necessary for gear pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - any complex equipment containing gears (like gearboxes with integrated pumps or multi-function units) might be incorrectly classified as standard gear pumps for maintenance purposes."@en ; dcterms:source <https://standards.iso.org/iso/15926/-4/reference-data-item/GEAR_PUMP> ; dcterms:source <http://rds.posccaesar.org/ontology/plm/rdl/PCA_100005931> . :COPI_0000335 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PumpCasing rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "pump casing"@en ; rdfs:label "carcaça de bomba"@pt-br . # Disjointness: GearPump and CentrifugalPump [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :COPI_0000289 :COPI_0000102 ) . # GearPump, CentrifugalPump
Axiomatization Decision Log
1 Identity-Giving Function
Function class
PumpingFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PumpingProcess ⊑ MomentumTransfer
Gear pumps perform the same fundamental function as any pump - adding mechanical energy to liquid to transport it from one location to another. The identity-giving function is the generic PumpingFunction already established for all pumps, not a specialized subtype.
2 Genus Determination
Pump
Both ISO 15926 and POSC Caesar explicitly classify gear pump as a subtype of pump/rotary pump. The parent_candidates include 'Pump' which is already enriched in our ontology. This is the correct level of specificity - more specific than 'Assembly' but appropriately general for all pump subtypes.
3 Necessary Parts
Part class Parent Relation
PumpCasing MaterialArtifact hasComponentPartAtAllTimes
These are the minimal necessary components that every gear pump must have - the gear mechanism for pumping action, the casing to contain it, and inlet/outlet ports for fluid flow.
4 Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfLiquid — any liquid compatible with pump materials
Outputs (O)
PortionOfLiquid — same liquid at higher pressure
Transformation (T)
mechanical energy added to liquid via gear meshing action
Gear pumps take in liquid at lower pressure and discharge it at higher pressure through the positive displacement action of meshing gears. The gear mechanism provides both pumping action and reverse flow sealing.
5 Axiom Mode Decision

Necessary conditions only — modelled as a primitive universal (⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.

Using necessary conditions for this constructive type. While the gear mechanism is definitionally necessary for gear pumps, making it sufficient under OWA could lead to false positives - any complex equipment containing gears (like gearboxes with integrated pumps or multi-function units) might be incorrectly classified as standard gear pumps for maintenance purposes.
Disjointness Axioms
CentrifugalPump
C1: CentrifugalPump. Gear pumps use meshing gears as the pumping mechanism, which is incompatible with centrifugal impellers or reciprocating pistons/plungers. These represent fundamentally different mechanical approaches to liquid pumping.
Cross-Standard Observations
Both ISO 15926 and POSC Caesar provide consistent definitions emphasizing the gear teeth mechanism within a casing. POSC Caesar adds the detail about gear meshing serving as reverse flow seal, which is a characteristic capability of the gear mechanism design.
Reviewer Notes
Definition reworded 2026-09-24 (pre-deposit copyright review): the previous wording reused the source standard's phrasing.

Suggest a change

Opens a pre-filled GitHub issue on the COPI repo — nothing is sent until you submit it there.