exported
equivalent
boiler
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Boiler
Generated on 2026-04-16
Natural Language Definition
EN
A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor.
PT-BR
Uma caldeira é um aquecedor que leva um líquido ao seu ponto de ebulição através de troca de calor por contato indireto, produzindo vapor.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every boiler is a heater that bears a BoilingFunction and has component parts including a steam drum and heat exchange surface.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (Boiler(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(BoilingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Boiler
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000417 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BoilingFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000418 # BoilingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000418 # BoilingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "boiling function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de ebulição"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000418 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BoilingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000008 ; # PhaseChange
rdfs:label "boiling process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de ebulição"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000008 rdf:type owl:Class . # PhaseChange
:COPI_0000418 # BoilingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] .
### Equipment universal: Boiler
:COPI_0000217 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Boiler
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000124 # Heater
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000417 # BoilingFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "boiler"@en ;
rdfs:label "caldeira"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor."@en ;
skos:definition "A boiler is a heater that brings a liquid to its boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange, producing steam or vapor."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma caldeira é um aquecedor que leva um líquido ao seu ponto de ebulição através de troca de calor por contato indireto, produzindo vapor."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every boiler is a heater that bears a BoilingFunction and has component parts including a steam drum and heat exchange surface."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Boiler(x) ↔ Heater(x) ∧ ∃f(BoilingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <BOILER> is a <HEATER> that brings a <LIQUID> to its boiling point"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] An indirect contact heat exchanger that is intended to heat a liquid."@en ;
skos:definition "[DEXPI] A that brings a liquid to its boiling point."@en .
# Disjointness: Boiler and Condenser
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000217 :COPI_0000232 ) . # Boiler, Condenser
# Disjointness: Boiler and Cooler
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000217 :COPI_0000235 ) . # Boiler, Cooler
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
BoilingFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
BoilingProcess
⊑ PhaseChange
The identity-giving function is to bring liquids to their boiling point through indirect contact heat exchange. This is more specific than general heating - it involves phase change from liquid to vapor. This function distinguishes boilers from other heaters that may only raise temperature without inducing phase change.
2
Genus Determination
Heater
ISO 15926 explicitly defines BOILER as a subtype of HEATER, and CFIHOS defines it as 'an indirect contact heat exchanger that is intended to heat a liquid.' Between the two parent candidates (heater and heat exchanger), heater is more specific and directly referenced in the primary definition. Heater is already enriched in our ontology with HeatingFunction.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These parts are fundamental to the boiling process - steam drums for vapor separation, heat exchange surfaces for heat transfer, and mud drums for water circulation in most boiler configurations.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfLiquid
— feedwater, below boiling point
Outputs (O)
PortionOfGas
— steam at boiling point or superheated
PortionOfLiquid
— condensate or blowdown (optional)
Transformation (T)
phase change from liquid to vapor through indirect heat transfer
Boilers transform liquid feedwater into steam/vapor through heat addition, which is the defining transformation that distinguishes them from other heating equipment.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Condenser
Cooler
C4: Condenser. C?: Cooler [kind_ambiguous]. Boilers add heat to induce vaporization, while condensers, coolers, and chillers remove heat. These represent opposite thermal processes and are therefore incompatible.
Cross-Standard Observations
DEXPI definition appears incomplete ('A that brings a liquid to its boiling point') but aligns with the other sources. ISO 15926 emphasizes the relationship to HEATER, while CFIHOS emphasizes the heat exchanger aspect. Both perspectives are complementary - boilers are specialized heaters that function as indirect contact heat exchangers.
