exported
necessary
casing
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Casing
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment.
PT-BR
Um casing é um conjunto que fornece invólucro estrutural com capacidade de contenção de pressão, caracterizado por paredes que separam componentes internos ou fluidos do ambiente externo.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every casing is an assembly that has an enclosure function and has component part some casing wall and has function some pressure containment function.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Casing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(CasingWall(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃p(PressureContainmentFunction(p) ∧ hasFunction(x,p)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Casing
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000500 rdf:type owl:Class ; # EnclosureFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000501 # EnclosureProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000501 # EnclosureProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "enclosure function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de proteção e invólucro"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000501 rdf:type owl:Class ; # EnclosureProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "enclosure process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de proteção e invólucro"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000501 # EnclosureProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialComponent
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialComponent
] .
### Equipment universal: Casing
:COPI_0000222 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Casing
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000500 # EnclosureFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "casing"@en ;
rdfs:label "casing"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment."@en ;
skos:definition "A casing is an assembly that provides structural enclosure with pressure containment capability, characterized by walls that separate internal components or fluids from the external environment."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um casing é um conjunto que fornece invólucro estrutural com capacidade de contenção de pressão, caracterizado por paredes que separam componentes internos ou fluidos do ambiente externo."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every casing is an assembly that has an enclosure function and has component part some casing wall and has function some pressure containment function."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Casing(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(EnclosureFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(CasingWall(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃p(PressureContainmentFunction(p) ∧ hasFunction(x,p)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive classification based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for enclosure structure could lead to over-classification of complex assemblies that contain enclosure elements but serve different primary functions (e.g., pressure vessels, housings, containers)."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <CASING> is an <ARTEFACT> and an <ENCLOSURE> that is the stationary enclosure of a machine intended to contain a fluid and equipment internals"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] An enclosure that can maintain a pressure difference."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] Large-diameter pipe lowered into an openhole and cemented in place."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] One of several strings of steel pipe in a well design that, together with cement, forms a barrier to fluid movement along the drilled hole. It is commonly at least partly cemented in the wellbore."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
EnclosureFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
EnclosureProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
All casings share the basic function of providing an enclosure - creating a protective boundary that separates internal components/fluids from the external environment. This is the common identity-giving function across pump casings, compressor casings, battery casings, and well casings.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Casings are typically assemblies with multiple connected components (covers, gaskets, connection points, internal features) that form a single causally unified enclosure. The parent candidates 'ENCLOSURE' and 'ARTEFACT' from ISO 15926 are too abstract. No domain-specific casing superclass exists in the enriched list, so Assembly is the most appropriate BFO/IOF-Core root.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
The casing wall is the fundamental structural component that defines the enclosure. Connection points are common but not universal (some casings are permanently sealed).
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— various phases depending on application
MaterialComponent
— equipment internals to be enclosed
Outputs (O)
MaterialComponent
— pressurized or protected internal volume
Transformation (T)
spatial enclosure and pressure barrier creation - no material transformation of enclosed contents
Casings create protected internal volumes for equipment internals and may contain various fluids. The transformation is spatial/protective rather than material processing.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Constructive classification based on structural configuration. Under OWA, sufficient conditions for enclosure structure could lead to over-classification of complex assemblies that contain enclosure elements but serve different primary functions (e.g., pressure vessels, housings, containers).
Cross-Standard Observations
Significant variation in scope: ISO 15926 defines casing broadly as machine enclosures, CFIHOS focuses on pressure-containing enclosures, while SLB/OnePetro are well-specific (large-diameter pipes in wells). The well casing definition represents a specialized application of the general enclosure concept. The pressure containment aspect appears consistently across definitions.
