exported
equivalent
brake
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Brake
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application.
PT-BR
Um freio é um conjunto que possui uma função de frenagem para deter ou prevenir o movimento de um objeto, tipicamente através da aplicação de força de atrito ou eletromagnética.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every brake is an assembly that has the function of braking, and every assembly that has the function of braking is a brake.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Brake(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(BrakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Brake
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000422 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BrakingFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000423 # BrakingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000423 # BrakingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "braking function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de frenagem"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000423 rdf:type owl:Class ; # BrakingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "braking process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de frenagem"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000423 # BrakingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact # MovingObject
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact # RestrictedObject
] .
### Equipment universal: Brake
:COPI_0000219 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Brake
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000422 # BrakingFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "brake"@en ;
rdfs:label "freio"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application."@en ;
skos:definition "A brake is an assembly that bears a braking function to arrest or prevent the motion of an object, typically through friction or electromagnetic force application."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um freio é um conjunto que possui uma função de frenagem para deter ou prevenir o movimento de um objeto, tipicamente através da aplicação de força de atrito ou eletromagnética."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every brake is an assembly that has the function of braking, and every assembly that has the function of braking is a brake."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Brake(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(BrakingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <BRAKE> is a <FunctionalObject> that has the capability of <BRAKING>"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object intended to arrest or prevent the motion of an item. Typically by means of friction."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] The mechanism on the drawworks that permits the driller to control the speed and motion of the drilling line and the drillstring."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] In a drillng context, a brake is the main device for stopping the travel of the drawworks of a rig when running or pulling a drill string."@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
BrakingFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
BrakingProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is the capability to arrest or prevent motion of an item, as consistently described across all sources. This distinguishes brakes from other motion control devices like clutches (which engage motion) or governors (which regulate speed).
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
No domain-specific superclass is available in the parent candidates or enriched classes. A brake is a causally unified engineered artifact with physically connected components (friction pads, actuators, mounting hardware) that can be assembled/disassembled for maintenance. This fits Assembly better than MaterialArtifact since brakes typically have removable subcomponents.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These are the minimal universal parts - specific brake types will have more detailed components like brake drums, discs, or electromagnetic assemblies.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
MovingObject
— object with kinetic energy
Outputs (O)
RestrictedObject
— same object with reduced or arrested motion
Transformation (T)
kinetic energy dissipation through friction or electromagnetic forces
Brakes transform the motion state of an object by dissipating kinetic energy, typically through friction heating or electromagnetic field interaction.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Cross-Standard Observations
SLB and OnePetro focus specifically on drilling context (drawworks brakes) while ISO 15926 and CFIHOS provide general definitions. The functional essence (motion arrest) is consistent across all sources.
