exported
equivalent
controller
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Controller
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation.
PT-BR
Um controlador é um instrumento que possui uma função de controle, regulando automaticamente uma variável controlada ao medi-la, comparar com um valor de referência e gerar sinais de saída para reduzir o desvio.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every controller is an instrument that has the function to control a process variable by automatic feedback regulation
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x(Controller(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(ControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Controller
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-07"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000445 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ControlFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000447 # ControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000447 # ControlProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "control function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de controle"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000447 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "control process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de controle"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000447 # ControlProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MeasurementInformationContentEntity
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000045 # ControlSignal
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000045 # ControlSignal
] .
### Equipment universal: Controller
:COPI_0000234 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Controller
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000091 # Instrument
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000445 # ControlFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "controller"@en ;
rdfs:label "controlador"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation."@en ;
skos:definition "A controller is an instrument that bears a control function, automatically regulating a controlled variable by measuring it, comparing with a reference value, and generating output signals to reduce deviation."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um controlador é um instrumento que possui uma função de controle, regulando automaticamente uma variável controlada ao medi-la, comparar com um valor de referência e gerar sinais de saída para reduzir o desvio."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every controller is an instrument that has the function to control a process variable by automatic feedback regulation"@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Controller(x) ↔ Instrument(x) ∧ ∃f(ControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <CONTROLLER> is an <INSTRUMENTATION FUNCTION> that is capable of <CONTROLLING>"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A regulator that operates automatically to affect a controlled variable by comparing the value of the controlled variable with the value of a reference variable in order to reduce the difference between them."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] A device that measures a controlled variable, compares it with a predetermined setting and signals an actuator to readjust the opening of a valve."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISA 5.1] a device having an output that varies to regulate a controlled variable in a specified manner that may be a self-contained analog or digital instrument, or may be the equivalent of such an instrument in a shared- control system."@en .
# Disjointness: Controller and Indicator
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000234 :COPI_0000127 ) . # Controller, Indicator
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ControlFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ControlProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
All sources define controller by its control capability - measuring a controlled variable, comparing with reference/setpoint, and generating output signals to reduce deviation. This automatic regulation function is what makes a controller a controller, regardless of implementation technology.
2
Genus Determination
Instrument
Controllers are instrumentation devices that measure, compare, and output control signals. While 'INSTRUMENTATION FUNCTION' appears in iso15926 and 'instrument equipment' in cfihos parent candidates, the physical genus should be 'Instrument' - a class of measurement/control devices. Instrument is not yet enriched but is the correct domain superclass for control instrumentation.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These three elements represent the universal control loop components: measure, compare, output. Implementation varies (electronic, pneumatic, hydraulic) but these functional elements are always present.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
MeasurementInformationContentEntity
— measured controlled variable
ControlSignal
— setpoint or reference value
Outputs (O)
ControlSignal
— manipulates final control element
Transformation (T)
information processing - compares inputs and generates control output
Controllers have a characteristic signature: measured variable input, reference input, control signal output. The transformation is information processing rather than material/energy conversion.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Indicator
C2: Indicator. Controllers actively generate control outputs, making them incompatible with purely passive or display-only instruments
Cross-Standard Observations
Consistent functional definition across all sources emphasizing automatic regulation through measurement, comparison, and control output. ISO15926 treats as instrumentation function while others define as physical device - both perspectives are valid within BFO framework.