exported
equivalent
mill
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Mill
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations.
PT-BR
Um moinho é um conjunto que possui uma função de processamento de material para reduzir o tamanho de partículas ou modificar materiais sólidos através de operações mecânicas de moagem, corte ou trituração.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every mill is an assembly that has the function to process materials, and every assembly that has the function to process materials is a mill.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Mill(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MaterialProcessingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Mill
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000569 rdf:type owl:Class ; # MaterialProcessingFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000570 # MaterialProcessingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000570 # MaterialProcessingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "material processing function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de processamento de material"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000570 rdf:type owl:Class ; # MaterialProcessingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "material processing process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de processamento de material"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000570 # MaterialProcessingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000040 # PortionOfSolid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000040 # PortionOfSolid
] .
### Equipment universal: Mill
:COPI_0000313 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Mill
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000569 # MaterialProcessingFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "mill"@en ;
rdfs:label "moinho"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations."@en ;
skos:definition "A mill is an assembly that bears a material processing function to reduce particle size or modify solid materials through mechanical grinding, cutting, or crushing operations."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um moinho é um conjunto que possui uma função de processamento de material para reduzir o tamanho de partículas ou modificar materiais sólidos através de operações mecânicas de moagem, corte ou trituração."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every mill is an assembly that has the function to process materials, and every assembly that has the function to process materials is a mill."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Mill(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(MaterialProcessingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <MILL> is a <FACILITY> that consists of the land, buildings, machinery, apparatus, and fixtures, mostly employed in <MANUFACTURING> of discrete <COMMODITY MATERIAL>s"@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] A mill is usually used to remove junk in the hole or to grind away all or part of a casing string."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] A cutting tool used to grind up metal, dress off a fish, or open up a window for a kick-off."@en .
# Disjointness: Mill and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000313 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Mill, Pump
# Disjointness: Mill and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000313 :COPI_0000073 ) . # Mill, Compressor
# Disjointness: Mill and HeatExchanger
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000313 :COPI_0000092 ) . # Mill, HeatExchanger
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
MaterialProcessingFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
MaterialProcessingProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
All three sources indicate mills are designed to process materials - manufacturing discrete commodities (ISO 15926), grinding/cutting operations in drilling contexts (SLB/OnePetro). The identity-giving function is material processing through size reduction, grinding, or cutting.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Mills consist of multiple physically connected components (machinery, apparatus, cutting tools) that work together as a causally unified system. No more specific equipment superclass like 'ProcessingEquipment' is available in the enriched classes list. The parent candidates show FACILITY (too broad, refers to entire installations) and ProcessEquipment (not yet enriched). Assembly is the most appropriate BFO/IOF-Core class.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These are the minimal necessary parts that any conceivable mill must have - a chamber to contain the process and elements to perform the processing action. Specific mechanisms (balls, hammers, etc.) vary by subtype.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfSolid
— larger particle size or intact material
Outputs (O)
PortionOfSolid
— reduced particle size or processed form
Transformation (T)
mechanical size reduction or material modification
Mills transform solid materials by reducing their size or modifying their physical form through mechanical action. Input is material to be processed, output is the same material in a reduced or modified state.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Pump
Compressor
Heat Exchanger
C2: Pump, Compressor. C?: Heat Exchanger [kind_ambiguous]. Mills process solids through mechanical action, which is incompatible with fluid pumping, gas compression, or thermal energy transfer processes
Cross-Standard Observations
There is a significant domain shift between ISO 15926 (industrial manufacturing facilities) and SLB/OnePetro (drilling tools). ISO 15926 defines mill as an entire facility, while drilling contexts define it as a cutting tool. Both share the core material processing function but at different scales.
