exported
equivalent
spacer
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Spacer
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids.
PT-BR
Um espaçador é um artefato material que tem a função de manter separação espacial ou distância entre objetos físicos ou fluidos.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every spacer is a material artifact that bears a spacing function
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Spacer(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SpacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Spacer
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000646 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SpacingFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000647 # SpacingProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000647 # SpacingProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "spacing function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de espaçamento"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000647 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SpacingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "spacing process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de espaçamento"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000647 # SpacingProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000030 # PhysicalObject
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom bfo:BFO_0000030 # PhysicalObject
] .
### Equipment universal: Spacer
:COPI_0000354 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Spacer
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:MaterialArtifact
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000646 # SpacingFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "spacer"@en ;
rdfs:label "espaçador"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids."@en ;
skos:definition "A spacer is a material artifact that has the function of maintaining spatial separation or distance between physical objects or fluids."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um espaçador é um artefato material que tem a função de manter separação espacial ou distância entre objetos físicos ou fluidos."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every spacer is a material artifact that bears a spacing function"@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Spacer(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(SpacingFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <SPACER> is a <FunctionalObject> that has the capability of <SPACING>"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that is intended to keep other physical objects at a predefined distance and hence having a spacer function."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] A viscous fluid used to aid removal of drilling fluids before a primary cementing operation."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] In the context of pumping, a spacer is a fluid used between two fluids to prevent contamination."@en .
# Disjointness: Spacer and Valve
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000354 :COPI_0000077 ) . # Spacer, Valve
# Disjointness: Spacer and Pump
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000354 :COPI_0000072 ) . # Spacer, Pump
# Disjointness: Spacer and Compressor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000354 :COPI_0000073 ) . # Spacer, Compressor
# Disjointness: Spacer and HeatExchanger
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000354 :COPI_0000092 ) . # Spacer, HeatExchanger
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
SpacingFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
SpacingProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is maintaining spatial separation or distance between objects/fluids. All definitions converge on this spacing capability as the essential characteristic.
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
No appropriate domain-specific superclass exists in the parent candidates. Spacers are causally unified artifacts designed to realize a spacing function, making MaterialArtifact the most appropriate genus. They are typically single maintainable units rather than assemblies with removable subcomponents.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
Spacers are typically simple artifacts without universal mandatory subcomponents. Part requirements vary significantly by subtype (shaft spacers, pipe flange spacers, coupling spacers each have different structural requirements).
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PhysicalObject
— objects requiring spatial separation
Outputs (O)
PhysicalObject
— same objects maintained at specified distance
Transformation (T)
spatial relationship maintenance - no material transformation
Spacers maintain spatial relationships between multiple objects without transforming the objects themselves. For fluid spacer applications, they separate incompatible fluids during operations.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Valve
Pump
Compressor
HeatExchanger
C4: Valve, Pump, Compressor, HeatExchanger. These equipment types have incompatible process signatures - flow control, pumping, compression, and heat transfer are functionally incompatible with spatial spacing/separation
Cross-Standard Observations
Notable discrepancy: SLB and OnePetro definitions focus on fluid spacers (viscous fluids for cementing operations), while ISO 15926 and CFIHOS focus on mechanical spacers (physical objects maintaining distance). This suggests two distinct application domains under the same functional umbrella.
