exported
necessary
sheave
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Sheave
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes.
PT-BR
Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every sheave is a material artifact that has a grooved rim as component part and bears a power transmission function.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Sheave(x) → MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃y(GroovedRim(y) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,y)) ∧ ∃f(PowerTransmissionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Sheave
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-09"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000192 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000604 # PowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "power transmission function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from a prime mover through rotational motion or to generate energy when acting as a driven element."@en ;
skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a PowerTransmissionProcess and that consists in the capacity to transmit mechanical energy from a prime mover through rotational motion or to generate energy when acting as a driven element."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma DesignedFunction que é realizada em um PowerTransmissionProcess e que consiste na capacidade de transmitir energia mecânica de um acionador por movimento rotativo, ou de gerar energia quando atua como elemento acionado."@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000604 rdf:type owl:Class ; # PowerTransmissionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "power transmission process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de transmissão de potência"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted through rotational motion from one component to another via a rotating shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and angular velocity to mounted components."@en ;
skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which mechanical energy is transmitted through rotational motion from one component to another via a rotating shaft, enabling the transfer of torque and angular velocity to mounted components."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um PlannedProcess em que energia mecânica é transmitida por movimento rotativo de um componente a outro por meio de um eixo, permitindo a transferência de torque e velocidade angular aos componentes montados."@pt-br .
### Equipment universal: Sheave
:COPI_0000349 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Sheave
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000192 # PowerTransmissionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "sheave"@en ;
rdfs:label "polia"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes."@en ;
skos:definition "A sheave is a material artifact that is a grooved wheel designed to transmit mechanical power through interface with belts, ropes, wires, or pipes."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma polia é um artefato material que é uma roda sulcada projetada para transmitir energia mecânica através da interface com correias, cordas, cabos ou tubos."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive type based on physical structure. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions based solely on having a grooved rim could lead to false positives where other grooved mechanical elements (like timing belt pulleys with different design intents) are automatically classified as sheaves. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to confirm sufficient conditions."@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000384 ] ;
dcterms:source <https://standards.iso.org/iso/15926/-4/reference-data-item/SHEAVE> ;
dcterms:source <https://glossary.slb.com/en/terms/s/sheave> ;
dcterms:source <https://onepetro.org/search-results?page=1&q=sheave> .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
PowerTransmissionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
PowerTransmissionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
A sheave is designed to transmit mechanical power through belt/rope/wire systems by changing direction of force or providing mechanical advantage. This aligns with existing PowerTransmissionFunction used for gearbox.
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
No specific 'Wheel' or 'Pulley' class exists in the enriched ontology. The parent candidates include WHEEL and ARTEFACT from ISO 15926, but these are not yet enriched. A sheave is a single causally unified mechanical component without removable subparts requiring assembly-level maintenance, making MaterialArtifact the appropriate BFO root.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These two parts are essential to all sheaves: the grooved rim provides the functional interface, and the hub enables mounting and rotation.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
—
Transformation (T)
mechanical force redirection and possible multiplication
A sheave transforms the direction and potentially the magnitude of mechanical forces transmitted through flexible elements like belts, ropes, or wires.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Constructive type based on physical structure. Under OWA, defining sufficient conditions based solely on having a grooved rim could lead to false positives where other grooved mechanical elements (like timing belt pulleys with different design intents) are automatically classified as sheaves. The structural differentia provides necessary conditions while allowing domain experts to confirm sufficient conditions.
Cross-Standard Observations
Consistent definition across standards focusing on the grooved wheel structure. SLB Glossary provides oilfield-specific context (crown blocks, wireline pulleys) but doesn't change the fundamental concept. OnePetro's 'grooved pulley' definition aligns well with the structural focus.
