exported
equivalent
coupling
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Coupling
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together.
PT-BR
Um acoplamento é um artefato material que possui uma função de conexão para unir partes ou sistemas separados.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every coupling is a material artifact that has the function to connect separate parts or systems together.
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x(Coupling(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Coupling
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-07"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000441 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ConnectionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "connection function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de conexão"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000442 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ConnectionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "connection process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de conexão"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000442 # ConnectionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom iof-core:MaterialArtifact
] .
### Equipment universal: Coupling
:COPI_0000238 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Coupling
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:MaterialArtifact
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000441 # ConnectionFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "coupling"@en ;
rdfs:label "acoplamento"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together."@en ;
skos:definition "A coupling is a material artifact that bears a connection function to join separate parts or systems together."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um acoplamento é um artefato material que possui uma função de conexão para unir partes ou sistemas separados."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every coupling is a material artifact that has the function to connect separate parts or systems together."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Coupling(x) ↔ MaterialArtifact(x) ∧ ∃f(ConnectionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] <COUPLING> is the <Activity> of connecting with a coupling or coupler"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] Connecting with a coupling or coupler."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] An electrical or mechanical device that joins parts of systems and can affect the interaction of, or energy transfer between, parts of systems."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] The connection point of jointed pipe. It may be a steel shell with female threads to which the pins are connected or a formed female connection (box) on the end of tubing."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] Connecting with a coupling or coupler"@en .
# Disjointness: Coupling and Separator
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000238 :COPI_0000084 ) . # Coupling, Separator
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ConnectionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ConnectionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
All definitions converge on the identity-giving function of joining/connecting parts or systems. The SLB definition explicitly states it 'joins parts of systems' and the OnePetro definition describes it as 'the connection point of jointed pipe'. This ConnectionFunction already exists in the enriched ontology (flange uses it), so we reuse the same function class.
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
Coupling is a broad equipment category spanning mechanical power transmission, electrical systems, and piping connections. No domain-specific parent in the candidate list (Activity, mechanical equipment, Artefact) represents an appropriate ontological genus - Activity is a process, not an equipment class. Since coupling represents a root equipment category with no more specific structural parent available, MaterialArtifact is the appropriate genus as the most general class for designed physical artifacts.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
Coupling is such a broad category (spanning mechanical, electrical, and piping domains) that no single part is universal to all subtypes. Mechanical couplings have hubs, pipe couplings may have threads or clamps, electrical couplings have different connection mechanisms. Parts should be specified at the subtype level.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
MaterialArtifact
— separate parts or systems to be joined
Outputs (O)
MaterialArtifact
— unified connected assembly
Transformation (T)
physical joining - separate parts become mechanically, electrically, or fluidically connected
The coupling process signature involves taking two or more separate components and creating a unified connection. The transformation is the establishment of physical continuity (mechanical torque transmission, electrical conductivity, or fluid pathway) between previously separate entities.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
Separator
C?: Separator [kind_ambiguous]. Couplings join/connect separate parts while separators divide/separate unified streams - these are opposite transformations with incompatible process signatures.
Cross-Standard Observations
ISO 15926 unusually defines COUPLING as an Activity rather than an artifact, which conflicts with all other sources. The CFIHOS and POSC Caesar definitions are process-focused but clearly refer to the device. SLB provides the clearest artifact-based definition. OnePetro focuses specifically on pipe coupling applications. The consensus is clearly that coupling refers to the physical joining device, not the joining activity.
