validated
equivalent
drum
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Drum
Generated on 2026-09-14
Natural Language Definition
EN
A drum is a separator designed to enable gas or vapour to escape from process fluids.
PT-BR
Um tambor é um separador projetado para permitir que gás ou vapor escape de fluidos de processo.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every drum is a separator that bears a gas disengagement function, and conversely, every separator that bears a gas disengagement function is a drum.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x (Drum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (GasDisengagementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Drum
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-09"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000796 rdf:type owl:Class ; # GasDisengagementFunction
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000195 ; # SeparationFunction
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000797 # GasDisengagementProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000797 # GasDisengagementProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "gas disengagement function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de liberação de gás"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A SeparationFunction that is realized in a GasDisengagementProcess and that consists in enabling gas or vapour to escape from a process fluid held in a vessel, so that the gas and the remaining liquid can be drawn off separately."@en ;
skos:definition "A SeparationFunction that is realized in a GasDisengagementProcess and that consists in enabling gas or vapour to escape from a process fluid held in a vessel, so that the gas and the remaining liquid can be drawn off separately."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma SeparationFunction que é realizada em um GasDisengagementProcess e que consiste em permitir que gás ou vapor escape de um fluido de processo contido em um vaso, de modo que o gás e o líquido remanescente possam ser retirados separadamente."@pt-br .
:COPI_0000195 rdf:type owl:Class ; # SeparationFunction
rdfs:label "função de separação"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a mixed-phase or mixed-component stream into distinct phases or fractions."@en ;
skos:definition "A designed function borne by petroleum production equipment whose realization constitutes the separation of a mixed-phase or mixed-component stream into distinct phases or fractions."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma função projetada portada por equipamento de produção de petróleo cuja realização consiste em separar uma corrente de fases ou componentes misturados em fases ou frações distintas."@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000797 rdf:type owl:Class ; # GasDisengagementProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000006 ; # MechanicalSeparation
rdfs:label "gas disengagement process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de liberação de gás"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A MechanicalSeparation process in which gas or vapour escapes from a process fluid held in a vessel and is drawn off separately from the remaining liquid, without chemical reaction."@en ;
skos:definition "A MechanicalSeparation process in which gas or vapour escapes from a process fluid held in a vessel and is drawn off separately from the remaining liquid, without chemical reaction."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um processo de MechanicalSeparation em que gás ou vapor escapa de um fluido de processo contido em um vaso e é retirado separadamente do líquido remanescente, sem reação química."@pt-br .
:COPI_0000006 rdf:type owl:Class . # MechanicalSeparation
:COPI_0000797 # GasDisengagementProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000044 # FluidMixture
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000038 # PortionOfLiquid
] .
### Equipment universal: Drum
:COPI_0000794 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Drum
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:COPI_0000084 # Separator
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000796 # GasDisengagementFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "drum"@en ;
rdfs:label "tambor"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A drum is a separator designed to enable gas or vapour to escape from process fluids."@en ;
skos:definition "A drum is a separator designed to enable gas or vapour to escape from process fluids."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um tambor é um separador projetado para permitir que gás ou vapor escape de fluidos de processo."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every drum is a separator that bears a gas disengagement function, and conversely, every separator that bears a gas disengagement function is a drum."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (Drum(x) ↔ Separator(x) ∧ ∃f (GasDisengagementFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
dcterms:source <http://rds.posccaesar.org/ontology/plm/rdl/PCA_100005901> .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
GasDisengagementFunction
⊑ SeparationFunction
Realized in
GasDisengagementProcess
⊑ MechanicalSeparation
Subtype case: every realisation of enabling gas to escape from process fluids is a separation, but not every separation (filtration, liquid-liquid settling, centrifugation) is gas disengagement, so SeparationFunction (enriched) is the parent. DegassingFunction (degasser) was considered and rejected as not co-extensional: its enrichment restricts the input to drilling fluid. KnockOutSeparationFunction (knock out drum) and FlashVaporizationFunction (flash drum) are narrower and are candidates to be re-parented under GasDisengagementFunction.
2
Genus Determination
Separator
POSC Caesar states the genus as 'vessel' (source parent: Static Equipment). Separator (enriched, genus Vessel) is the more specific genuine supertype: a vessel intended to let gas escape from process fluids separates gas from liquid. It is also the genus already used by the drum subtypes knock out drum and flash drum. ISO 15926-4 parents CONTAINER / CYLINDER(shape) belong to the excluded shipping-drum homonym.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
No component is stated in the primary definition. Secondary/tertiary evidence names parts (a 'boot' in reflux drums, flat or curved ends) only for some drums, so none is necessary genus-wide.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
FluidMixture
— process fluid carrying dissolved, flashing or entrained gas/vapour
Outputs (O)
PortionOfGas
— gas or vapour disengaged from the process fluid, drawn off at the top
PortionOfLiquid
— remaining process liquid with reduced gas content
Transformation (T)
gas or vapour disengaged from a process fluid in a vessel and drawn off separately from the remaining liquid
One mixed-phase input, two outputs (gas and liquid), consistent with the genus Separator and with the subtypes knock out drum and flash drum.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Cross-Standard Observations
ISO 15926-4 DRUM is a homonym (shipping container) and excluded. POSC Caesar's definition is narrower than engineering usage, where drums also serve intermediate storage/surge and liquid settling (Walas, Chemical Process Equipment ch. 18).
Reviewer Notes
skill_session 2026-09-14 (claude-opus-5), requested by colleague as 'vertical drum'. 'Vertical' is an orientation (Walas: 'either horizontal or vertical'), not a class in any standard; anchored on POSC Caesar Drum. Follow-ups for reviewer: (1) knock out drum (181) and flash drum (182) have genus Separator; consider re-parenting to Drum and their functions under GasDisengagementFunction; (2) decide whether to keep the POSC-narrow scope (see primary_definition_conflict). Walas original returned 403 (ScienceDirect/GlobalSpec/UMich); text taken from SolidsWiki reproduction.
Source Definitions
2 sources
ISO 15926-4
DRUM ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
POSC Caesar
Drum ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| Reviewer | claude-code-session |
| ID | #1136 |
| Cluster | drum |
| Status | validated |
| Axiom mode | equivalent |
| Created | 2026-09-14 |
| Updated | 2026-09-15 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/knock_out_drum.svg
