validated
necessary
gas chromatograph
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Gaschromatograph
Generated on 2026-09-08
Natural Language Definition
EN
A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns.
PT-BR
Um cromatografo a gas e um cromatografo que usa um gas de arraste pressurizado como fase movel, no qual a amostra e injetada diretamente para separacao em uma ou mais colunas.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that bears a chromatographic analysis function and has a carrier gas cylinder as a component part, which supplies the gaseous mobile phase.
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → Chromatograph(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p (CarrierGasCylinder(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: GasChromatograph
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000430 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ChromatographicAnalysisFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000431 # ChromatographicAnalysisProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000431 # ChromatographicAnalysisProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "chromatographic analysis function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de análise cromatográfica"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ChromatographicAnalysisProcess and that consists in separating the molecular constituents of a sample by differential interaction with stationary and mobile phases, then detecting and quantifying them."@en ;
skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ChromatographicAnalysisProcess and that consists in separating the molecular constituents of a sample by differential interaction with stationary and mobile phases, then detecting and quantifying them."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma DesignedFunction que é realizada em um ChromatographicAnalysisProcess e que consiste em separar os constituintes moleculares de uma amostra por interação diferencial com as fases estacionária e móvel e, em seguida, detectá-los e quantificá-los."@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000431 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ChromatographicAnalysisProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MeasurementProcess ;
rdfs:label "chromatographic analysis process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de análise cromatográfica"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which a sample is carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase, separating its molecular constituents by differential retention, followed by detection and quantification."@en ;
skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which a sample is carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase, separating its molecular constituents by differential retention, followed by detection and quantification."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um PlannedProcess em que uma amostra é conduzida por uma fase móvel através de uma fase estacionária, separando seus constituintes moleculares por retenção diferencial, seguida de detecção e quantificação."@pt-br .
iof-core:MeasurementProcess rdf:type owl:Class .
:COPI_0000431 # ChromatographicAnalysisProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000039 # PortionOfGas
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000051 # CompositionMeasurementResult
] .
### Equipment universal: GasChromatograph
:COPI_0000753 rdf:type owl:Class ; # GasChromatograph
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000229 ; # Chromatograph
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000430 # ChromatographicAnalysisFunction
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000747 # CarrierGasCylinder
] ;
rdfs:label "gas chromatograph"@en ;
rdfs:label "cromatógrafo a gás"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns."@en ;
skos:definition "A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um cromatografo a gas e um cromatografo que usa um gas de arraste pressurizado como fase movel, no qual a amostra e injetada diretamente para separacao em uma ou mais colunas."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that bears a chromatographic analysis function and has a carrier gas cylinder as a component part, which supplies the gaseous mobile phase."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → Chromatograph(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p (CarrierGasCylinder(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive subtype reusing genus and function unchanged (CLAUDE.md same-genus-same-function rule): sufficiency is not asserted so that a hypothetical device bearing ChromatographicAnalysisFunction with a co-located gas cylinder for an unrelated reason is not forcibly classified as a gas chromatograph under OWA."@en ;
dcterms:source <https://standards.iso.org/iso/15926/-4/reference-data-item/GAS_CHROMATOGRAPH> .
:COPI_0000747 rdf:type owl:Class ; # CarrierGasCylinder
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "carrier gas cylinder"@en ;
rdfs:label "cilindro de portador de gás"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A pressurized gas cylinder that supplies the inert carrier gas used as the mobile phase in a gas chromatograph."@en ;
skos:definition "A pressurized gas cylinder that supplies the inert carrier gas used as the mobile phase in a gas chromatograph."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um cilindro de gás pressurizado que fornece o gás de arraste inerte usado como fase móvel em um cromatógrafo a gás."@pt-br .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ChromatographicAnalysisFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ChromatographicAnalysisProcess
⊑ MeasurementProcess
Reused verbatim from the already-enriched genus 'chromatograph' per the constructive-type rule: gas chromatograph performs the same identity-giving function, differing only in mobile-phase hardware.
2
Genus Determination
Chromatograph
Both cross-source primary definitions (iso15926, cfihos) state 'A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph where gas is injected directly into one or more separation columns' -- CHROMATOGRAPH is the exact, already-enriched parent_candidate.
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| CarrierGasCylinder | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
Only the carrier-gas-cylinder component is asserted, since it is the one structural element both primary definitions' 'gas is injected directly' phrasing and the NIST secondary source jointly ground as gas-chromatograph-specific; other GC components (column, detector, injection port) are universal to the Chromatograph genus itself and are not re-asserted at this subtype level.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— representative sample, gas or liquid, injected directly into the separation column
PortionOfGas
— inert carrier gas (e.g. helium, argon, nitrogen) supplied as the gaseous mobile phase
Outputs (O)
CompositionMeasurementResult
— time-resolved detector response / molecular constituent concentrations
Transformation (T)
physical separation of molecular constituents by differential retention in the column, carried by a gaseous mobile phase, followed by detection and quantification
Same separation-then-detection signature as the generic chromatograph, narrowed only by typing the mobile-phase input as PortionOfGas specifically instead of the parent's generic CarrierFluid; reuses the parent's transformation_kind. [Corrected 2026-09-10: replaced retired InformationBearingArtifact (ODR-021, resolved 2026-08-08 -- COPI no longer has this class) with the established ICE type(s) actually used by the reused/sibling genus, confirmed against regen_enriched_owl.py's assert_all_classes_anchored gate.]
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Constructive subtype reusing genus and function unchanged (CLAUDE.md same-genus-same-function rule): sufficiency is not asserted so that a hypothetical device bearing ChromatographicAnalysisFunction with a co-located gas cylinder for an unrelated reason is not forcibly classified as a gas chromatograph under OWA.
Cross-Standard Observations
ISO 15926-4 and CFIHOS definitions are essentially identical (near copy), both consistent with the tertiary/secondary chemistry literature gathered. NIST publication (tsapps.nist.gov, pub_id=926381) supplements with the full GC apparatus component list, from which only the carrier-gas-cylinder element is used here as gas-chromatograph-specific; the remaining components (column, detector, injection port) belong to the genus Chromatograph itself.
Reviewer Notes
Step 2b (enrich-term skill): WebFetch initially reported the NIST PDF as unreadable/binary; recovered via `pdftotext` per the access-discipline fallback, confirming the pipeline's documented recovery path works in practice. This NIST publication grounds CarrierGasCylinder as a genuine structural component, added below (was deferred past Phase 3 since the flat definitions list there only carries source+term, not quote text). 2026-09-15 export review: transformation_kind phase_separation → measurement_transduction (process is a MeasurementProcess; output is a CompositionMeasurementResult).
