exported
necessary
manifold
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Manifold
Generated on 2026-04-09
Natural Language Definition
EN
A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow.
PT-BR
Um manifold é um conjunto que possui uma câmara com múltiplas aberturas de fluido projetada para distribuir o fluxo de fluido.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every manifold is an assembly that has-component-part-at-all-times some chamber and has-component-part-at-all-times some multiple fluid openings and bears some fluid distribution function.
First-Order Logic Theory
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▸ Stored override
∀x(Manifold(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c(Chamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃o(MultipleFluidOpenings(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃f(FluidDistributionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Manifold
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000533 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidDistributionFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000534 # FluidDistributionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000534 # FluidDistributionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "fluid distribution function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de distribuição de fluido"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000534 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidDistributionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000003 ; # MomentumTransfer
rdfs:label "fluid distribution process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de distribuição de fluido"@pt-br .
:COPI_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class . # MomentumTransfer
:COPI_0000534 # FluidDistributionProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: Manifold
:COPI_0000311 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Manifold
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000533 # FluidDistributionFunction
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000722 # Chamber
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000535 # FluidOpening
] ;
rdfs:label "manifold"@en ;
rdfs:label "manifold"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow."@en ;
skos:definition "A manifold is an assembly that has a chamber with multiple fluid openings designed to distribute fluid flow."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um manifold é um conjunto que possui uma câmara com múltiplas aberturas de fluido projetada para distribuir o fluxo de fluido."@pt-br ;
iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every manifold is an assembly that has-component-part-at-all-times some chamber and has-component-part-at-all-times some multiple fluid openings and bears some fluid distribution function."@en ;
iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x(Manifold(x) → Assembly(x) ∧ ∃c(Chamber(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)) ∧ ∃o(MultipleFluidOpenings(o) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,o)) ∧ ∃f(FluidDistributionFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)))"@en ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "As a constructive type, manifolds are defined by structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any assembly with a chamber and multiple openings to be classified as a manifold, potentially misclassifying complex equipment with manifold-like components (e.g., turbine casings, complex valves). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <MANIFOLD> is an <ARTEFACT> and a <FLUID CONDUCTOR> that is an arrangement of piping or valves designed to control, distribute and typically monitor fluid flow"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A physical object that contains a chamber with several openings."@en ;
skos:definition "[SLB Glossary] An arrangement of piping or valves designed to control, distribute and typically monitor fluid flow."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] A junction or center for connecting several pipes and selectively routing the flow."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A fluid container that contains a chamber with several openings."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] IMF purpose entity"@en .
:COPI_0000722 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Chamber
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "câmara"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "chamber"@en .
:COPI_0000535 rdf:type owl:Class ; # FluidOpening
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:label "abertura de fluido"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "fluid opening"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
FluidDistributionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
FluidDistributionProcess
⊑ MomentumTransfer
All definitions consistently point to distribution/routing of fluids as the core function. This is distinct from transport (pipeline) or control (valve) - it's about splitting/combining fluid streams through multiple openings.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Manifolds are causally unified assemblies with removable subcomponents (valves, piping connections, instrumentation). They have a single causal boundary despite containing multiple parts. None of the parent candidates (ARTEFACT, FLUID CONDUCTOR, piping equipment, Static Equipment) represent the most specific appropriate superclass - manifold is itself a fundamental equipment category at the Assembly level.
3
Necessary Parts
| Part class | Parent | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| Chamber | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
| FluidOpening | MaterialArtifact | hasComponentPartAtAllTimes |
These parts constitute the minimal structural configuration that enables the distribution function across all manifold types.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— any phase
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— same phase as input, potentially different pressures/flow rates
Transformation (T)
fluid stream splitting/combining with potential pressure/flow rate changes
Manifolds can operate in distribution mode (1 input, n outputs) or collection mode (n inputs, 1 output), with fluid composition preserved but flow characteristics modified.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
As a constructive type, manifolds are defined by structural configuration. Under OWA, asserting equivalence would force any assembly with a chamber and multiple openings to be classified as a manifold, potentially misclassifying complex equipment with manifold-like components (e.g., turbine casings, complex valves). Starting with necessary conditions protects against false positives.
Cross-Standard Observations
Strong consistency across sources on the core concept of multiple openings for fluid distribution. ISO 15926 provides the most comprehensive definition linking to fluid control and monitoring. CFIHOS and POSC focus on the structural aspect of chamber with openings. The variety of specialized subtypes in ISO 15926 confirms manifold as a fundamental equipment category.
