exported
equivalent
transformer
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Transformer
Generated on 2026-04-15
Natural Language Definition
EN
A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core.
PT-BR
Um transformador é um equipamento elétrico que transforma energia elétrica de um circuito para outro na mesma frequência através de indução eletromagnética usando enrolamentos e um núcleo magnético.
Formal Axioms
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)
Every transformer is an electrical equipment that bears an electrical power transformation function and has component parts including primary winding, secondary winding, and magnetic core.
First-Order Logic Theory
Loading…
▸ Stored override
∀x(Transformer(x) ↔ ElectricalEquipment(x) ∧ ∃f(ElectricalPowerTransformationFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p(PrimaryWinding(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)) ∧ ∃s(SecondaryWinding(s) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,s)) ∧ ∃c(MagneticCore(c) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,c)))
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Transformer
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000199 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ElectricalPowerTransformationFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000497 # ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000497 # ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "electrical power transformation function"@en ;
rdfs:label "função de transformação de energia elétrica"@pt-br .
### Process type
:COPI_0000497 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "electrical power transformation process"@en ;
rdfs:label "processo de transformação de energia elétrica"@pt-br .
### Equipment universal: Transformer
:COPI_0000086 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Transformer
owl:equivalentClass [
rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
iof-core:Assembly
[
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000199 # ElectricalPowerTransformationFunction
]
)
] ;
rdfs:label "transformer"@en ;
rdfs:label "transformador"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core."@en ;
skos:definition "A transformer is an electrical equipment that transforms electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency through electromagnetic induction using windings and a magnetic core."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um transformador é um equipamento elétrico que transforma energia elétrica de um circuito para outro na mesma frequência através de indução eletromagnética usando enrolamentos e um núcleo magnético."@pt-br ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000196 ; owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000058 ] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <TRANSFORMER> is an <ELECTRIC TO ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERTER> that is capable of <TRANSFORMING> power from one circuit to another without changing frequency and works on the principle of mutual induction"@en ;
skos:definition "[CFIHOS] A transformer that, by electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current into another system of voltage and current usually of different values and at the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power."@en ;
skos:definition "[POSC Caesar] A physical object that transforms continuous currents from one voltage to another, or continuous into alternating currents or vice versa."@en .
# Disjointness: Transformer and ElectricMotor
[] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( :COPI_0000086 :COPI_0000113 ) . # Transformer, ElectricMotor
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ElectricalPowerTransformationFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ElectricalPowerTransformationProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
The identity-giving function is transforming electrical power from one voltage/current level to another while maintaining frequency through electromagnetic induction. This function already exists in the enriched classes for 'power transformer', so we reuse it.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
Based on parent_candidates, the most specific appropriate superclass is ElectricalEquipment (from POSC Caesar). This is more specific than the ISO15926 'ELECTRIC TO ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERTER' while still being a genuine superclass. Transformers are causally unified assemblies with physically connected parts (windings, core, casing) that can be disassembled for maintenance.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
These are the minimal essential components required for any transformer to function: windings for electrical connection, magnetic core for field coupling, and casing for protection.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
—
Transformation (T)
electromagnetic induction changes voltage/current levels while preserving frequency and power
Transformers specifically work with alternating current, transforming voltage/current levels through electromagnetic induction while maintaining frequency constant.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary + Sufficient
— modelled as a defined class
(≡, EquivalentClass). Automatic classification is
appropriate for this concept.
Disjointness Axioms
ElectricMotor
C?: ElectricMotor [kind_ambiguous]. Incompatible process signatures: transformers maintain AC-to-AC transformation, motors convert electrical to mechanical energy, generators convert mechanical to electrical energy, rectifiers convert AC to DC
Cross-Standard Observations
Minor differences in emphasis: ISO15926 emphasizes mutual induction principle, CFIHOS focuses on electromagnetic induction and power transmission purpose, POSC includes both AC transformers and AC/DC converters. All agree on the core function of voltage transformation.
