proposed
necessary
drill string
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Drillstring
Generated on 2026-08-08
Natural Language Definition
EN
An assembly of drill pipe with attached tool joints together with the bottom hole assembly, bearing a drilling power transmission function that makes the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore.
PT-BR
Uma montagem de tubos de perfuração com uniões acopladas, junto com o conjunto de fundo, possuindo uma função de transmissão de potência de perfuração que faz a broca girar no fundo do poço.
Formal Axioms
First-Order Logic Theory
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OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: DrillString
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:DrillingPowerTransmissionFunction rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :DrillingPowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :DrillingPowerTransmissionProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "drilling power transmission function"@en .
### Process type
:DrillingPowerTransmissionProcess rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:PlannedProcess ;
rdfs:label "drilling power transmission process"@en .
### Equipment universal: DrillString
:COPI_0000480 rdf:type owl:Class ; # DrillString
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:Assembly ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :DrillingPowerTransmissionFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "drill string"@en ;
rdfs:label "coluna de perfuração"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "An assembly of drill pipe with attached tool joints together with the bottom hole assembly, bearing a drilling power transmission function that makes the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore."@en ;
skos:definition "An assembly of drill pipe with attached tool joints together with the bottom hole assembly, bearing a drilling power transmission function that makes the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma montagem de tubos de perfuração com uniões acopladas, junto com o conjunto de fundo, possuindo uma função de transmissão de potência de perfuração que faz a broca girar no fundo do poço."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "The three definitions differ on exactly which tools are included ('any other tools', 'all the equipment in a drilling BHA'), so the part list is not closed and cannot be sufficient."@en ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000086 ; # has quality
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000385 # MechanicalLoad
] ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <DRILL STRING> is a <DRILLING COMPONENT> that is an assembly of drill pipe with attached tool joints."@en ;
skos:definition "[OnePetro] All the equipment in a drilling BHA plus the drill pipe."@en .
:COPI_0000385 rdf:type owl:Class ; # MechanicalLoad
rdfs:subClassOf bfo:BFO_0000019 ; # Quality
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000052 ; # inheres in
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000480 # DrillString
] ;
rdfs:label "carga mecânico"@pt-br ;
rdfs:label "mechanicalload"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
DrillingPowerTransmissionFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
DrillingPowerTransmissionProcess
⊑ PlannedProcess
SLB gives the purpose directly: the combination of drillpipe, BHA and other tools 'used to make the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore'. The identity-giving function is transmitting rotation and weight from surface to the bit.
2
Genus Determination
Assembly
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Causally unified material artefact composed of physically connected,
separable MaterialComponent parts. Satisfies
Assembly ⊑ MaterialArtifact ⊑ bfo:Object.
All three sources describe an assembly or combination of parts — ISO 'an assembly of drill pipe with attached tool joints', OnePetro 'all the equipment in a drilling BHA plus the drill pipe'. iof-core:Assembly is the correct root.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
Parts named in the differentia are not asserted as necessary_parts: validate_necessary_parts_quotes() requires each part to carry a verbatim source_quote, and these come from the definition of this entry itself rather than from a standard stating a component relationship. Left empty pending expert review.
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
—
Outputs (O)
—
Transformation (T)
transmission of rotation and axial load from surface equipment to the drill bit
No admissible participants: what the string transmits is mechanical power, which under ODR-010 §5.1 is not a material entity and therefore not a process participant. The load is a quality (bearer_of MechanicalLoad, COPI_0000385) on the artifact.
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
The three definitions differ on exactly which tools are included ('any other tools', 'all the equipment in a drilling BHA'), so the part list is not closed and cannot be sufficient.
Reviewer Notes
ODR-022 §13 coverage audit: standard term bearing a DesignedFunction that held a numeric IRI without an axiomatization. Referenced from process_signature of 'wellbore'. Awaiting expert review.
