exported
necessary
piston
IRI:
http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi#Piston
Generated on 2026-08-08
Natural Language Definition
EN
A material artifact, normally cylindrical and provided with a closed end, that reciprocates within a hollow outer cylinder to change its internal volume in order to discharge pressurized liquid or gas.
PT-BR
Um artefato material, normalmente cilíndrico e provido de uma extremidade fechada, que se move alternadamente dentro de um cilindro externo oco para alterar seu volume interno a fim de descarregar líquido ou gás pressurizado.
Formal Axioms
First-Order Logic Theory
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OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> .
@prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> .
### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations
### Class module: Piston
<https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi>
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ;
dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ;
dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ;
skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ;
owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ;
owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ;
dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ;
dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ;
dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ;
dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ;
dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ;
dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ;
dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ;
dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ;
dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ;
apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ;
apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ;
apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" .
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 .
### Identity-giving function
:COPI_0000714 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ReciprocatingDisplacementFunction
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:allValuesFrom :COPI_0000715 # ReciprocatingDisplacementProcess
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000715 # ReciprocatingDisplacementProcess
] ;
rdfs:label "reciprocating displacement function"@en .
### Process type
:COPI_0000715 rdf:type owl:Class ; # ReciprocatingDisplacementProcess
rdfs:subClassOf :COPI_0000003 ; # MomentumTransfer
rdfs:label "reciprocating displacement process"@en .
:COPI_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class . # MomentumTransfer
:COPI_0000715 # ReciprocatingDisplacementProcess
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ;
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000037 # PortionOfFluid
] .
### Equipment universal: Piston
:COPI_0000730 rdf:type owl:Class ; # Piston
rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ;
rdfs:subClassOf [
rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart)
owl:someValuesFrom :COPI_0000714 # ReciprocatingDisplacementFunction
] ;
rdfs:label "piston"@en ;
rdfs:label "pistão"@pt-br ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A material artifact, normally cylindrical and provided with a closed end, that reciprocates within a hollow outer cylinder to change its internal volume in order to discharge pressurized liquid or gas."@en ;
skos:definition "A material artifact, normally cylindrical and provided with a closed end, that reciprocates within a hollow outer cylinder to change its internal volume in order to discharge pressurized liquid or gas."@en ;
iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um artefato material, normalmente cilíndrico e provido de uma extremidade fechada, que se move alternadamente dentro de um cilindro externo oco para alterar seu volume interno a fim de descarregar líquido ou gás pressurizado."@pt-br ;
iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
iof-av:primitiveRationale "Shape constraints in the source definition are constructive; under OWA they cannot be sufficient conditions."@en ;
skos:definition "[ISO 15926-4] A <PISTON> is an <ENGINE COMPONENT> and a <DISPLACER> that is normally of the cylindrical shape and provided with a closed end, intended to reciprocate within a hollow outer cylinder to change the internal volume of the outer cylinder in order to either discharge pressurized liquid or gas"@en .
Axiomatization Decision Log
1
Identity-Giving Function
Function class
ReciprocatingDisplacementFunction
⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ReciprocatingDisplacementProcess
⊑ MomentumTransfer
ISO 15926 states the purpose explicitly: it reciprocates within a hollow outer cylinder 'to change the internal volume of the outer cylinder in order to either discharge pressurized liquid or gas'.
2
Genus Determination
MaterialArtifact
bfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Monolithic causally unified material artefact.
MaterialArtifact ≡ Object ⊓ ∃bearerOf.DesignedFunction.
ISO 15926 types PISTON as an ENGINE COMPONENT and a DISPLACER; neither is declared in COPI, so MaterialArtifact is the nearest available superclass.
3
Necessary Parts
No necessary parts recorded (concept may be primitive at this level).
No sub-component is named in any source definition for this term. validate_necessary_parts_quotes() requires a verbatim source_quote for every part, and there is nothing to quote — so no parts are asserted (ODR-022 §10.2).
4
Process Participation Signature ⟨I, O, T⟩
Inputs (I)
PortionOfFluid
— liquid or gas admitted into the cylinder volume
Outputs (O)
PortionOfFluid
— same fluid discharged at elevated pressure
Transformation (T)
cyclic change of a cylinder's internal volume to displace and pressurize a fluid
The piston converts reciprocating mechanical motion into fluid displacement; the fluid is the participant, the mechanical work is not (ODR-010 §5.1).
5
Axiom Mode Decision
Necessary conditions only
— modelled as a primitive universal
(⊑, SubClassOf). Identity is grounded in designed
function and cannot be reduced to a property checklist.
Shape constraints in the source definition are constructive; under OWA they cannot be sufficient conditions.
Reviewer Notes
ODR-022 §O6: standard-term component of 'diesel engine'. Admitted to the pipeline because it is a term in a source standard AND that standard states it is a component of that equipment (verbatim source_quote in the owning entry). Awaiting expert review.
Source Definitions
1 source
ISO 15926-4
PISTON ↗
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.
Metadata
| Ontology | COPI |
| Research group | INF-UFRGS-Ontologies |
| Funding | CNPq INF-UFRGS-ENERGIA |
| Project | OntoKG / Petrobras |
| ID | #1035 |
| Cluster | piston |
| Status | exported |
| Axiom mode | necessary |
| Created | 2026-08-08 |
| Updated | 2026-09-08 |
ISA 5.1-2022 P&ID Symbol
wikimedia/pump_reciprocating.svg
