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validated necessary COPI_0000753
Gas Chromatograph
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000753
Generated onGerado em 2026-09-08
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns.
PT-BR
Um cromatografo a gas e um cromatografo que usa um gas de arraste pressurizado como fase movel, no qual a amostra e injetada diretamente para separacao em uma ou mais colunas.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that bears a chromatographic analysis function and has a carrier gas cylinder as a component part, which supplies the gaseous mobile phase.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Necessary condition]∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → Chromatograph(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f))) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: ChromatographicAnalysisFunction]∀f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → ChromatographicAnalysisProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (ChromatographicAnalysisProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Structural differentia (necessary only)]∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.CarrierGasCylinder) — Step 3: structural property — necessary condition, not sufficient (OWA prevents ≡) [Necessary part: CarrierGasCylinder]∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → ∃p (CarrierGasCylinder(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((GasChromatograph(x) ∧ ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m1 (PortionOfFluid(m1) ∧ participatesIn(m1,f)) ∧ ∃m2 (PortionOfGas(m2) ∧ participatesIn(m2,f)) ∧ ∃e (CompositionMeasurementResult(e) ∧ participatesIn(e,f)) ∧ processType(f,PhaseSeparation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: GasChromatograph <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-10-08"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :ChromatographicAnalysisFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :ChromatographicAnalysisProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :ChromatographicAnalysisProcess ] ; rdfs:label "chromatographic analysis function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de análise cromatográfica"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ChromatographicAnalysisProcess and that consists in separating the molecular constituents of a sample by differential interaction with stationary and mobile phases, then detecting and quantifying them."@en ; skos:definition "A DesignedFunction that is realized in a ChromatographicAnalysisProcess and that consists in separating the molecular constituents of a sample by differential interaction with stationary and mobile phases, then detecting and quantifying them."@en . ### Process type :ChromatographicAnalysisProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MeasurementProcess ; rdfs:label "chromatographic analysis process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de análise cromatográfica"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A PlannedProcess in which a sample is carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase, separating its molecular constituents by differential retention, followed by detection and quantification."@en ; skos:definition "A PlannedProcess in which a sample is carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase, separating its molecular constituents by differential retention, followed by detection and quantification."@en . :MeasurementProcess rdf:type owl:Class . :ChromatographicAnalysisProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :PortionOfFluid ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :PortionOfGas ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :CompositionMeasurementResult ] . ### Equipment universal: GasChromatograph :GasChromatograph rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatograph ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :ChromatographicAnalysisFunction ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :CarrierGasCylinder ] ; rdfs:label "gas chromatograph"@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns."@en ; skos:definition "A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that uses a pressurized carrier gas as its mobile phase, into which the sample is injected directly for separation in one or more columns."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Um cromatografo a gas e um cromatografo que usa um gas de arraste pressurizado como fase movel, no qual a amostra e injetada diretamente para separacao em uma ou mais colunas."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every gas chromatograph is a chromatograph that bears a chromatographic analysis function and has a carrier gas cylinder as a component part, which supplies the gaseous mobile phase."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (GasChromatograph(x) → Chromatograph(x) ∧ ∃f (ChromatographicAnalysisFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃p (CarrierGasCylinder(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p)))"@en ; iof-av:isPrimitive "true"^^xsd:boolean ; iof-av:primitiveRationale "Constructive subtype reusing genus and function unchanged (CLAUDE.md same-genus-same-function rule): sufficiency is not asserted so that a hypothetical device bearing ChromatographicAnalysisFunction with a co-located gas cylinder for an unrelated reason is not forcibly classified as a gas chromatograph under OWA."@en ; :CarrierGasCylinder rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:MaterialArtifact ; rdfs:label "cilindro de portador de gás"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "carrier gas cylinder"@en .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
ChromatographicAnalysisFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
ChromatographicAnalysisProcess ⊑ MeasurementProcess
Reused verbatim from the already-enriched genus 'chromatograph' per the constructive-type rule: gas chromatograph performs the same identity-giving function, differing only in mobile-phase hardware.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
Chromatographbfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Both cross-source primary definitions (iso15926, cfihos) state 'A gas chromatograph is a chromatograph where gas is injected directly into one or more separation columns' -- CHROMATOGRAPH is the exact, already-enriched parent_candidate.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.CarrierGasCylinder

Uses a pressurized carrier gas supply as the mobile-phase source, so the sample is injected directly into the separation column without a liquid-handling mobile-phase pump.

Per CLAUDE.md's same-genus-same-function rule, since this class reuses genus=Chromatograph and function=ChromatographicAnalysisFunction unchanged, axiom_mode must be 'necessary', not 'equivalent' -- the carrier-gas-cylinder differentia is necessary but not asserted sufficient, to avoid OWA misclassifying any chromatograph-like device that happens to have a gas cylinder nearby.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias
Part classParentRelation
CarrierGasCylinderMaterialArtifacthasComponentPartAtAllTimes
Only the carrier-gas-cylinder component is asserted, since it is the one structural element both primary definitions' 'gas is injected directly' phrasing and the NIST secondary source jointly ground as gas-chromatograph-specific; other GC components (column, detector, injection port) are universal to the Chromatograph genus itself and are not re-asserted at this subtype level.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'PortionOfFluid', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'representative sample, gas or liquid, injected directly into the separation column'}, {'type': 'PortionOfGas', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'inert carrier gas (e.g. helium, argon, nitrogen) supplied as the gaseous mobile phase'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'CompositionMeasurementResult', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'time-resolved detector response / molecular constituent concentrations'}
TransformationTransformação
physical separation of molecular constituents by differential retention in the column, carried by a gaseous mobile phase, followed by detection and quantification
Same separation-then-detection signature as the generic chromatograph, narrowed only by typing the mobile-phase input as PortionOfGas specifically instead of the parent's generic CarrierFluid; reuses the parent's transformation_kind.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000753
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000753
StatusStatusvalidated
Axiom modeModonecessary
CreatedCriado2026-09-08
UpdatedAtualizado2026-09-10
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-5
VersionVersão2026-10-08
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroChromatograph
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModonecessary
FunctionFunçãoChromatographicAnalysisFunction
ProcessProcessoChromatographicAnalysisProcess
PartsPartes1
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 2 sources
ISO 15926-4 GAS CHROMATOGRAPH
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS gas chromatograph
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
Provenance tiersCamadas de proveniência secondary: partial
?
How much independent secondary research backs this term — not how correct it is. "Full" means a non-primary source was quoted directly and covered several distinct aspects of the concept, not just its function. "Partial" means secondary research happened but covered less. "None" means only the primary definition was used. A "full" term can still contain an error, and a "none" term can still be entirely correct — this tracks whether the research step ran, not the result.Quanto de pesquisa secundária independente sustenta este termo — não o quão correto ele é. "Full" significa que uma fonte não-primária foi citada literalmente e cobriu vários aspectos distintos do conceito, não apenas sua função. "Partial" significa que houve pesquisa secundária, mas com cobertura menor. "None" significa que só a definição primária foi usada. Um termo "full" ainda pode conter um erro, e um termo "none" ainda pode estar totalmente correto — isso rastreia se a etapa de pesquisa ocorreu, não o resultado.
primarystandardverbatimiso15926[structure]
A <GAS CHROMATOGRAPH> is an <INSTRUMENTATION ITEM> and a <CHROMATOGRAPH> where gas is injected directly into one or more separation columns
primarystandardverbatimcfihos[structure]
A chromatograph where gas is injected directly into one or more separation columns.
secondarystandardverbatimNIST(recovered_after_403)[structure, mechanism, parameter]
The instrument parts and the relevant adjustable parameters (temperature, pressure, phase chemistry, and solvent choice) for obtaining the best possible chromatographic separation are discussed in detail and include 1) carrier gas cylinder; 2) flow controller and pressure regulator; 3) sample inlet and injection port; 4) column; 5) column oven; 6) detector (for example, a flame ionization detector), and 7) computer.

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