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exported equivalent COPI_0000228
Christmas Tree
IRI: https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000228
Generated onGerado em 2026-04-09
Natural Language DefinitionDefinição em Linguagem Natural
EN
A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells.
PT-BR
Uma árvore de natal é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluidos de poço, está conectada a uma cabeça de poço, e contém válvulas mestras para controlar fluidos de formação de poços de petróleo e gás.
Formal AxiomsAxiomas Formais
Semi-formal (Aristotelian)Semi-formal (Aristotélico)
Every christmas tree is an assembly that has the function to control well fluids and is connected to a wellhead and has master valves as component parts.
First-Order Logic TheoryTeoria em Lógica de Primeira Ordem
[Definition]∀x (ChristmasTree(x) ↔ Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f (WellFluidControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃bearerOf.WellFluidControlFunction ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Wellhead ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.MasterValve) — Steps 1–3: genus + identity-giving function [Function axiom: WellFluidControlFunction]∀f (WellFluidControlFunction(f) → ∀p (realizedIn(f,p) → WellFluidControlProcess(p)) ∧ ∃p (WellFluidControlProcess(p) ∧ realizedIn(f,p))) — Step 1: ∀ preserves type-type identity; ∃ rules out vacuous functions never realised [Necessary part: MasterValve]∀x (ChristmasTree(x) → ∃p (MasterValve(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Necessary part: WingValve]∀x (ChristmasTree(x) → ∃p (WingValve(p) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,p))) — Step 4: mereological commitment — every instance must have this part [Process participation signature]∀x ∀f ((ChristmasTree(x) ∧ WellFluidControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) → ∃m (FormationFluid(m) ∧ participatesIn(m,f)) ∧ ∃e (FormationFluid(e) ∧ participatesIn(e,f)) ∧ processType(f,FlowRegulation)) — Step 5: typed participants in the realising process
OWL 2 / Turtle
@prefix copi: <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix : <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix bfo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix iof-core: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/> . @prefix iof-av: <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix qudt: <http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix apv: <http://inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/apv#> . ### COPI — Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations ### Class module: ChristmasTree <https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi> rdf:type owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Core Ontology for Petroleum Installations (COPI)"@en ; dcterms:title "Ontologia Core para Instalações de Petróleo (COPI)"@pt-br ; dcterms:description "BFO/IOF-Core conformant ontology of equipment classes for petroleum production plants, developed using the five-step RDL enrichment method."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Material artifacts (bfo:material_entity) that (i) are part of a petroleum production plant, and (ii) bear at least one function whose realization involves the transport (e.g. production and injection), processing (separation and other processes), control, monitoring, measurement, containment or offloading of material or energy."@en ; skos:scopeNote "Artefatos materiais (bfo:material_entity) que (i) fazem parte de uma planta de produção de petróleo, e (ii) possuem ao menos uma função cuja realização envolve o transporte (p. ex. produção e injeção), processamento (separação e outros processos), controle, monitoramento, medição, contenção ou escoamento de material ou energia."@pt-br ; skos:scopeNote "COPI provides high-level equipment categories defined by function to demonstrate the defined-class mechanism. Equipment subtypes are annotated with references to CFIHOS and PCA RDL terms. COPI is not a reference data library; organizations should use CFIHOS, PCA RDL, or ISO 14224 for comprehensive equipment classification."@en ; skos:scopeNote "COPI fornece categorias de alto nível de equipamentos definidas por função para demonstrar o mecanismo de classe definida. Os subtipos de equipamentos são anotados com referências aos termos do CFIHOS e do PCA RDL. COPI não é uma biblioteca de dados de referência; organizações devem utilizar o CFIHOS, o PCA RDL ou a ISO 14224 para classificação abrangente de equipamentos."@pt-br ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" ; owl:imports <https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/> ; owl:imports <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2020/bfo.owl> ; dcterms:creator "Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos"@en ; dcterms:contributor "Cauã Antunes" ; dcterms:contributor "Haroldo Rojas" ; dcterms:contributor "Rafael Petry" ; dcterms:contributor "Régis Romeu" ; dcterms:contributor "Mara Abel" ; dcterms:isPartOf <https://inf.ufrgs.br/projetos/OntoKG> ; dcterms:publisher "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)"@en ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ; dcterms:created "2026-04-08"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-10-07"^^xsd:date ; apv:GlobalMinLanguageCoverage "en pt-br" ; apv:ClassURIFormationRule "https://www[.]inf[.]ufrgs[.]br/ontologies/copi/(COPI_[0-9]{7}|[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*)" ; apv:ClassMinAnnotationCoverage "rdfs:label https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/annotation/naturalLanguageDefinition" . iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; apv:MinAnnotationLength 20 . ### Identity-giving function :WellFluidControlFunction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iof-core:DesignedFunction ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:allValuesFrom :WellFluidControlProcess ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty bfo:BFO_0000054 ; # realizedIn owl:someValuesFrom :WellFluidControlProcess ] ; rdfs:label "well fluid control function"@en ; rdfs:label "função de controle de fluido de poço"@pt-br . ### Process type :WellFluidControlProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FlowControl ; rdfs:label "well fluid control process"@en ; rdfs:label "processo de controle de fluido de poço"@pt-br . :FlowControl rdf:type owl:Class . :WellFluidControlProcess rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasInput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormationFluid ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasSpecifiedOutput ; owl:someValuesFrom :FormationFluid ] . ### Equipment universal: ChristmasTree :ChristmasTree rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( iof-core:Assembly [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasFunction ; # Object branch (MaterialArtifact/Assembly/Object/FiatObjectPart) owl:someValuesFrom :WellFluidControlFunction ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :MasterValve ] [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty iof-core:hasComponentPartAtAllTimes ; owl:someValuesFrom :WingValve ] ) ] ; rdfs:label "christmas tree"@en ; rdfs:label "árvore de natal"@pt-br ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells."@en ; skos:definition "A christmas tree is an assembly that bears a well fluid control function, is connected to a wellhead, and contains master valves for controlling formation fluids from oil and gas wells."@en ; iof-av:naturalLanguageDefinition "Uma árvore de natal é um conjunto que possui uma função de controle de fluidos de poço, está conectada a uma cabeça de poço, e contém válvulas mestras para controlar fluidos de formação de poços de petróleo e gás."@pt-br ; iof-av:semiFormalNaturalLanguageAxiom "Every christmas tree is an assembly that has the function to control well fluids and is connected to a wellhead and has master valves as component parts."@en ; iof-av:firstOrderLogicAxiom "∀x (ChristmasTree(x) ↔ (Assembly(x) ∧ ∃f(WellFluidControlFunction(f) ∧ bearerOf(x,f)) ∧ ∃w(Wellhead(w) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,w)) ∧ ∃v(MasterValve(v) ∧ hasComponentPartAtAllTimes(x,v))))"@en ; :MasterValve rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valve ; rdfs:label "válvula mestra"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "master valve"@en . :WingValve rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Valve ; rdfs:label "válvula lateral"@pt-br ; rdfs:label "wing valve"@en . # Disjointness: ChristmasTree and Separator [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :ChristmasTree :Separator ) . # Disjointness: ChristmasTree and HeatExchanger [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :ChristmasTree :HeatExchanger ) . # Disjointness: ChristmasTree and Compressor [] rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :ChristmasTree :Compressor ) .
Axiomatization Decision LogRegistro de Decisões
1 Identity-Giving FunctionFunção Identitária
Function class
WellFluidControlFunction ⊑ DesignedFunction
Realized in
WellFluidControlProcess ⊑ FlowControl
The consistent theme across all definitions is the function to control, direct, and regulate the flow of formation fluids from oil/gas wells. This is a specialized control function distinct from general flow control, as it specifically manages well production fluids at the wellhead interface.
2 Genus DeterminationDeterminação do Gênero
Assemblybfo:Object (BFO_0000030)
Christmas tree is explicitly described as an 'assembly of pipes and piping parts, with valves and associated control equipment'. While 'PIPING SYSTEM' appears in parent_candidates, this is too specialized - christmas trees are not primarily piping systems but rather integrated assemblies that include valves, control equipment, sensors, and structural components in addition to piping. The assembly nature is emphasized across all sources, indicating physically connected, removable subcomponents unified into a single maintainable unit.
3 Differentia SpecificaDiferença Específica
∃bearerOf.WellFluidControlFunction ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.Wellhead ⊓ ∃hasComponentPartAtAllTimes.MasterValve

An assembly designed to control formation fluids from oil/gas wells, connected to a wellhead and containing master valves for primary flow control.

The differentia captures three essential aspects: (1) the specialized well control function, (2) the mandatory wellhead connection that defines its installation context, and (3) the presence of master valves which are the primary control elements mentioned across all definitions.
4 Necessary PartsPartes Necessárias
Part classParentRelation
MasterValveValvehasComponentPartAtAllTimes
WingValveValvehasComponentPartAtAllTimes
These parts represent the essential components that make a christmas tree functional - primary control valves, structural body, and control equipment. Piping components are inherited from Assembly level.
Process Participation SignatureAssinatura de Participação em Processo
InputsEntradas
{'type': 'FormationFluid', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'from well bore, multi-phase hydrocarbon stream'}
OutputsSaídas
{'type': 'FormationFluid', 'count': 1, 'constraints': 'controlled flow rate and pressure to production system'}
TransformationTransformação
flow control and pressure regulation of well fluids
Christmas trees receive uncontrolled formation fluids from the well and output controlled fluids to the production system. The transformation involves pressure and flow rate control rather than compositional change.
Disjoint WithDisjunto com
Separator HeatExchanger Compressor
C2: Compressor. C4: Separator, HeatExchanger. Christmas trees have a specialized well fluid control signature incompatible with separation processes, heat transfer, or compression. They are control devices, not processing equipment.
MetadataMetadados
COPI IDCOPI IDCOPI_0000228
IRIIRIhttps://www.inf.ufrgs.br/ontologies/copi/COPI_0000228
StatusStatusexported
Axiom modeModoequivalent
CreatedCriado2026-04-09
UpdatedAtualizado2026-09-08
LLM modelModelo LLMclaude-sonnet-4-20250514
VersionVersão2026-10-07
Quick factsDados rápidos
GenusGêneroAssembly
Root classClasse raizAssembly
Axiom modeModoequivalent
FunctionFunçãoWellFluidControlFunction
ProcessProcessoWellFluidControlProcess
PartsPartes2
Source DefinitionsDefinições nas Fontes 5 sources
ISO 15926-4 CHRISTMAS TREE
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
CFIHOS christmas tree
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
SLB Glossary Christmas tree
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
ONEPETRO_GLOSSARY Christmas tree
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
POSC Caesar Christmas Tree
Definition text withheld (copyrighted standard) — follow the source link above.Texto da definição omitido (norma protegida por direitos autorais) — acesse o link da fonte acima.
Provenance tiersCamadas de proveniência
primarystandardverbatimiso15926
A <CHRISTMAS TREE> is a <PIPING SYSTEM> that is an assembly of pipes and piping parts, with valves and associated control equipment that is connected to the top of a wellhead and is intended for control of fluid from a well.
secondarystandardverbatimcfihos
A physical object that is an assembly of pipes and piping parts, with valves and associated control equipment that is connected to the top of a wellhead and is intended for control of fluid from a well.
secondarystandardverbatimslb_glossary
The set of valves, spools, and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well.
secondarystandardverbatimonepetro_glossary
The control sections that sits above the basic wellhead. It may contain hangers, master valves, annular valves, wing valves, and gauges or pressure, flow rate or monitoring measurement equipment.
secondarystandardverbatimposc_caesar
An 'artefact' that is an assembly of pipes and piping parts, with valves and associated control equipment that is connected to the top of a wellhead and is intended for control of fluid from a well.

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